新出唐建中元年《张参夫妇墓志》与唐代经史问题

Recently Discovered Epitaphs of Zhang Shen and His Wife and Studies on Classics and History in the Tang Dynasty

《五经文字》刻石今存西安碑林博物馆,附于"开成石经"之末,实则对石经起到注音定形的规范作用。作者张参是唐代经学代表人物之一,由于史料阙如,事迹并未彰显。这位学者的生平处于模糊的"半隐"状态,困扰后人。幸赖《张参墓志》及其亲撰夫人《郑氏墓志》的出土,全方位提供其生卒年月、家族世系、婚姻状况、履宦事迹及学术成就等内容,印证传世史书之记载。同时,也为钩沉张参与李光弼、韩滉、常衮等重臣的关系,补充大量一手材料。《墓志》内容补正了《新唐书·宰相世系表》《尚书省郎官石柱题名》中敦煌张氏信息,使得唐代学者—张参的人物形象愈加丰满,为两《唐书》增补一篇《张参传》,也为唐代经史学术发展提供了重要实证线索。

Zhang Shen was the author of Wu Jing Wen Zi[五经文字].The stone engraved version of Wu Jing Wen Zi(in Xi’an Beilin Museum)is attached at the end of Kaicheng Stone Classics Steles[开成石经]to mark the pronunciations and scripts of characters.Representative of studies on Confucian classics in the Tang dynasty,Zhang Shen was little known for his life experience though,due to the lack of literature.The recently unearthed epitaphs of Zhang and his wife record the dates of his birth and death,family lineage,marital status,official career,academic achievements,etc.Such information not only confirms related historical records,but also provides first-hand materials about Zhang’s relations with important government officials like Li Guangbi,Han Huang and Chang Gun.The epitaphs also correct information about the Zhang clan in Dunhuang as recorded in"Lineage of Prime Ministers"in Xin Tang Shu[新唐书]and in Stone Pillars Recording Names of Directors and Vice Directors of the Department of State Affairs[尚书省郎官石柱题名].They provide valuable background information about the Tang scholar of Zhang Shen and give important empirical clues for studies on Confucian classics and history during the Tang dynasty.