骨免疫学对骨质疏松症的调控作用研究进展

Research progress in the regulation effect of bone immunology on osteoporosis

骨质疏松症是慢性全身性骨病,主要表现为骨量丢失、骨微结构退化,最终导致骨骼的脆性升高,骨折风险增高。目前中国老龄化人数逐步增加,已经步入老龄社会,骨质疏松及其导致的脆性骨折发病率逐年上升,极大地影响了患者的生命安全和生活质量,已经成为亟待解决的难题。在骨免疫学这一概念出现之前,由于免疫细胞在骨髓中形成,所以皆认为骨骼对免疫系统至关重要。但是免疫系统对骨骼的调控功能尚不是很清楚。2000年,Arron在Nature杂志上提出“骨免疫学”这一概念,并指出骨骼与免疫系统之间存在复杂的相互调控作用。自此之后,骨免疫学逐渐成为代谢性骨关节疾病的研究热点。骨免疫学在骨重建过程中具有重要的调控作用,其主要研究内容是阐明免疫系统、骨骼,两者之间存在密切复杂的互相调控机制。骨质疏松症的发生发展过程中,OPG/RANK/RANKL信号系统、免疫细胞及其产生的细胞因子都具有决定性的作用。骨免疫学为抗骨质疏松新型药物的研发奠定了理论根基。

Osteoporosis is a chronic systemic bone disease characterized by loss of bone mass and degeneration of bone microstructure,which eventually leads to increased fragility of the bone and an increased risk of fracture.At present,the aging population in China is gradually increasing and we have entered an aging society.The incidence of osteoporosis and brittle fractures caused by osteoporosis are increasing year by year,which greatly affect the safety and quality of life of patients and have become an urgent problem to be solved.Before the emergence of the concept of bone immunology,bone was believed to be vital to the immune system because of the formation of immune cells in bone marrow.However,the role of the immune system in bone regulation is not well understood.In 2000,Arron proposed the concept of bone immunology in the Nature and pointed out the complex interaction between the bone and immune system.Since then,bone immunology has gradually become the research hot spot of metabolic osteoarthropathy.Bone immunology plays an important regulatory role in the process of bone reconstruction.Its main research content is to elucidate the close and complex mutual regulatory mechanism between the immune system and the bone.During the occurrence and development of osteoporosis,OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling system,immune cells,and cytokines produced by them play a decisive role.Bone immunology has laid the theoretical foundation for the research and development of novel anti-osteoporosis drugs.