9种食用菌菌丝不同生长阶段形态观察

Morphological observation of 9 kinds of edible fungi at different growth stages

对9种食用菌(长根菇、桑黄、羊肚菌、灵芝、平菇、鸡油菌、虎奶菇、灰树花、马桑香菇)菌丝不同生长阶段的形态进行观察,研究发现不同的食用菌菌丝在颜色、形态、菌丝致密程度、满皿天数及平均生长速度等宏观形态上有很大差异。除羊肚菌、鸡油菌外其他7种食用菌菌丝颜色均为白色,形态大部分呈现出绒毛状,菌丝前期稀疏,后期致密。菌丝萌发速度最快的是羊肚菌,平均生长速度为1.2 m·d^(-1),9天即满皿;菌丝萌发速度最慢的是桑黄,平均生长速度仅为0.3 m·d^(-1)。通过显微镜进一步观察发现其在菌丝粗细、是否中空、有无分生孢子等微观形态上也有所差别。大部分食用菌菌丝较粗,中空,无分生孢子,其中桑黄、平菇、马桑香菇菌丝较细,桑黄菌丝呈竹节状,羊肚菌菌丝实心,有分枝,鸡油菌菌丝有分生孢子。

The morphology of 9 kinds of edible fungi(Oudemansiella radicata,Phellinus baumii,Morchella,Ganoderma lucidum,Pleurotus ostreatus,Cantharellus cibarius,Pleurotus tuber-regium,Grifola frondosa and Lentinus edodes)at different growth stages was observed.The results showed that there were great differences in color,morphology,density,days of full dish and average growth rate among different edible fungi.Except for Morchella and Cantharellus cibarius,the mycelia of the other 7 kinds of edible fungi were white,and most of them were villous.The mycelia were sparse in the early stage and dense in the later stage.Morchella had the fastest mycelial germination rate,with an average growth rate of 1.2 m·d^(-1),and the dish was full in 9 days.Phellinus baumii had the slowest mycelial germination rate,with an average growth rate of 0.3 m·d^(-1).Through further observation under microscope,it was found that there were some differences in micro morphology among different edible fungi,such as mycelial thickness,hollow or not,conidia or not,etc.The mycelia of most edible fungi were thick,hollow and without conidia.The mycelia of Phellinus baumii,Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes were thin.The mycelia of Phellinus baumii were slubby.The mycelia of Morchella were solid and branched.The mycelia of Cantharellus cibarius had conidia.