汉语特指性是非问的生成机制与信息结构

The Generative Mechanisms and Information Structure of Interrogatives with Both Yes/No and Wh-Questions

特指性是非问是汉语的一种复合型问句,具有特指问和是非问组合而成的双焦点结构,两焦点不是主次关系,而是承续关系。组合机制方面,是非问和特指问通过“与”关系组合,是非问对特指问具有前提制约作用。信息结构可以对特指性是非问的生成机制进行深层说明。已知信息相同、未知信息补充是是非问和特指问组配的基础,两个问句已知信息、未知信息的加合构成特指性是非问的信息结构。是非问未知信息的回答是特指问未知信息提问的前提,是非问疑问点逻辑上先于特指问。提问者信息结构的四种状况为特指性是非问句的生成提供了条件。

The interrogative with both yes/no and wh-question is a kind of complex interrogativewith a dual focus structure.The relationship between two focus is successive,rather than major and minor.As to the generative mechanism,yes/no questions and wh-questions are conjoined,and the former is the precondition of the latter.We use information structure theory to make a deep explanation of the generative mechanism.The basis of composition is that given information of two questions is the same and unknown information is complementary.The information structure of interrogatives with both yes/no and wh-questions is the sum of two questions.The answer to unknown information of the yes/no question is the precondition of the wh-question and the focus of the yes/no question has priority over it of the wh-question logically.There are 4 cases of questioner’s information structure which form the basis for generation.