知识流动视角下中国体育学学科交叉发展态势研究

Development in Interdisciplinary Sport Research in China from the Perspective of Knowledge Flow

以1981—2015年间中国体育学与外部学科之间的引文关系为研究对象,采用文献资料调研、引文分析、社会网络分析、逻辑分析等方法,选取了6个学科交叉评价指标,对中国体育学和外部学科之间的学科交叉发展态势进行历时性考察,在此基础上对中国体育学知识体系演化进行探讨。研究表明:学科交叉测度指标体系包含了3个层级6项指标,和单一测度指标相比评价内容更加全面,评价结果更加客观,并具有较高的可操作性;改革开放以来中国体育学学科交叉发展态势经历了恢复期(1981—1990年)、高速发展期(1991—2010年)、稳定期(2011—2015年)3个阶段;从学科交叉的多样性来看,和体育学交叉融合的学科数量越来越多,学科交叉的跨度越来越大,学科交叉知识流量的分配由混乱向着有序化方向发展,学科之间的交叉关系逐渐稳固;从学科交叉的聚集性来看,体育学学科交叉强度越来越大,学科交叉网络密度越来越高,学科开放性却在逐渐降低,这种趋势近年来有所改变;在"大科学"背景下和学科之间可通约性的规制下,中国体育学知识流出和知识流入2个视角下学科交叉指标呈现出趋同化的发展特征;"苏联模式"对早期中国体育学知识体系的影响非常明显,随着体育人文社会学科的勃兴,体育学开始"科学革命",进入21世纪后,"科学革命"逐渐结束,进入"常规科学"阶段,通过"范式融合",中国体育学由偏向自然科学、教育学的知识体系演化成为综合性的知识体系。

Taking the citation relationship between China’s sport research and external disciplines from 1981 to2015 as the research subject,this paper adopts literature research,citation analysis,social network analysis and logical analysis to construct an interdisciplinarity index system,and conducts a diachronic study on the development in interdisciplinary sport research in China. The research shows that:the interdisciplinarity index system contains 6 indexes at 3 levels. Compared with a single measurement index,the evaluation content of an index system is more comprehensive,the evaluation results are more objective,and it is highly operable. Since the reform and opening up,the development in interdisciplinary sport research in China has gone through three stages:recovery(1981-1990),rapid development(1991—2010),and stability(2011—2015). From the perspective of the diversity of interdisciplinarity,the number of disciplines integrated with sport research is increasing,and the span of interdisciplinarity is getting broader. The distribution of interdisciplinary knowledge flow has developed from chaos to order. The interdisciplinary relationship has gradually stabilized;from the perspective of the agglomeration of disciplines,the intensity of interdisciplinary sport research is getting higher,the density of the interdisciplinary network is also getting higher,and the openness of disciplines is decreasing. But this trend has started to change in recent years. In the context of"convergence science"and the extensibility among disciplines,the interdisciplinarity of sport research in China shows a trend of convergence from the perspectives of knowledge outflow and knowledge inflow. The"Soviet model"exerted great influence on the early knowledge system of sport research in China. With the rise of the sociology of sport,sport research began a"scientific revolution". After entering the 21 st century,the"scientific revolution"gradually ended and entered the stage of"conventional science". Through the"paradigm integration",sport research has evolved from a knowledge system biased towards natural sciences and education into a comprehensive knowledge system.