菜籽饼肥对香蕉枯萎病的防效及其对土壤细菌的影响

Control Effect of Rapeseed Cake Fertilizer on Banana Fusarium Wilt and Its Effect on Soil Bacteria

研究菜籽饼肥对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果,探究菜籽饼肥施用后对土壤细菌群落的影响。设置2组实验,CN组为菜籽饼肥处理组,YN组为对照实验组。种植120 d后,统计各组的发病率;利用qPCR技术检测2组中的FOC4孢子数量;采集2组土壤,利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序平台对CN处理组与YN对照组的土壤细菌群落结构和差异进行分析对比。实验研究发现:(1)施菜籽饼肥的CN处理组枯萎病发病率比YN对照组低63.33%;施用菜籽饼肥的处理土壤中FOC4的数量由2.94×10^(4)个/克土下降为1.96×10^(3)个/克土,YN对照组土壤中FOC4孢子的数量由2.94×10^(4)个/克土上升为4.55×10^(5)个/克土,CN处理组较YN对照组枯萎病菌数量下降了2个数量级;(2)土壤细菌宏基因组微生物分类测序结果显示,CN处理组的Alpha多样性指数均优于YN对照组,这表明施用菜籽饼肥后增加了土壤细菌群落的丰度及多样性;(3)在门水平上,菜籽饼肥处理增加了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度,同时也降低了酸杆菌门(Acidobact-eria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和Patescibacteria等菌门的相对丰度;在属水平,CN处理组中的不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、水杆菌属(Aquabacterium)、热单胞菌属(Thermomonas)、产黄杆菌属(Rhodanobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和奥托氏菌属(Ottowia)等菌属的相对丰度较YN对照组有明显提高,而酸热菌属(Acidothermus)、Bryobacter菌属以及Acidipila等菌属相对丰度较YN对照组有所减少。施用菜籽饼肥可以改变土壤中细菌的群落结构,显著降低土壤中FOC4孢子数量,从而降低香蕉枯萎病的发病率。本研究结果为菜籽饼肥用于香蕉枯萎病综合防控提供了理论依据。

To study the control effect of rapeseed cake fertilizer on banana Fusarium wilt, and to explore the effect of rapeseed cake fertilizer application on soil bacterial community, two groups of experiments were set. CN group was the rapeseed cake fertilizer treatment group, and YN group was the control group. After 120 days of planting,the incidence of each group was calculated and the number of FOC4 spores in the two groups was detected by qPCR;Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform was used to analyze and compare the structure and difference of soil bacterial community between CN treatment group and YN control group. The experimental results were as follows:(1) The incidence of wilt diseasen CN treatment group was 63.33% lower than that of YN control group;The number of FOC4 spores in the soil treated with rapesseed cake fertilizer decreased from 2.94 ×10^(4) number/g soil to 1.96×10^(3) number/g soil, and the number of FOC4 spores in the soil in YN control group increased from 2.94×10^(4) number/g soil to 4.55×10^(5) number/g soil. The number of Fusarium wilt bacteria in the CN treatment group decreased by 2 orders compared with that in YN control group;(2) The results of soil bacterial metagenome microbial classification sequencing showed that the Alpha diversity index of CN treatment group was better than that of YN control group, which indicated that the application of rapeseed cake bio-organic fertilizer increased the abundance and diversity of soil bacterial community;(3) At the gate level, the rapeseed cake fertilizer increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Patescibacteria;At genus level, the relative abundances of Acinetobacter, Aquabacterium, Thermonas, Rhodanobacter, Pseudomonas and Ottowia in CN treatment group were significantly higher than those in YN control group, while those of Acinetobacter, Bryobacter and Acidipila were higher than those in YN control group. Application of rapeseed cake fertilizer can change the community structure of bacteria in the soil, significantly reduce the number of FOC4 spores in the soil, so as to reduce the incidence of banana Fusarium wilt. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of banana Fusarium wilt with rapeseed cake fertilizer.