粘质沙雷氏菌中灵杆菌素合成因素探究进展

Current Exploring Status of Factors Involved in Biological Synthesis of Prodigiosin in Serratia marcescens

灵杆菌素主要由粘质沙雷氏菌产生,其本身是微生物的一种次生代谢产物,属于脂多糖,也是一种典型的生物碱,具有抗癌、抑菌、增强免疫力、抗原虫、抗疟疾等多种生理活性,是化妆品、染料和水体污染治理等领域新兴且不可或缺的成分。随着医药业和工农业等不断发展,灵杆菌素的应用也越来越多,其良好的应用前景使得它的合成和提取工艺成为次生代谢领域的研究热点。但是,目前灵杆菌素的全化学合成和发酵生产受到很多因素的影响,大大阻碍了它的规模化生产和应用,本文重点对影响灵杆菌素生物合成的因素进行了综述,同时对其可能的作用机制进行了总结。本研究表明,微生物发酵生产灵杆菌素时,菌种、营养条件、环境因素(包括培养温度, p H值,溶解氧,光照)、金属离子等因素对灵杆菌素的合成都十分重要,另外再结合基因工程等技术,可大幅度提高灵杆菌素的产量。本综述为灵杆菌素的工业发酵生产提供重要依据。

Prodigiosin is mainly produced by Serratia marcescens, and it is one of the most important secondary metabolic products in microorganisms, which belongs to lipopolysaccharide and is a typical alkaloid too. It has many physiological activities such as anti-cancer, bacteriostatic, immune-enhancing, anti-protozoal, anti-malarial,and it is an emerging and indispensable ingredient in the fields of cosmetics, dyes and water pollution control. With the continuous development of the pharmaceutical industry, industry and agriculture, the application of prodigiosin is increasing, whose good application prospect makes its synthesis and extraction process become a research hotspot in the field of secondary metabolism. However, at present, the total chemical synthesis and fermentation production of prodigiosin are affected significantly by many factors, which have greatly hindered its large-scale production and application for decades. In this paper, the factors that affect the biosynthesis of prodigiosin were reviewed, and the possible mechanism was summarized. This review showed that the factors such as bacteria species, nutritional conditions, environmental factors(including culture temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen,illumination) and metal ions were all very important to the synthesis of prodigiosin during microbial fermentation.In addition, combined with genetic engineering and other technologies, the yield of prodigiosin could be greatly increased. This review provided an important basis for the industrial fermentation production of prodigiosin.