低碳清洁供热的现状、问题和政策建议

Status,Problems and Policy Suggestions of Low Carbon Clean Heating

我国供热行业严重依赖化石能源,2018年城市集中供热消费量中化石能源占比高达98%,供热行业低碳、减碳任务艰巨。目前,很多地方的供热市场热源价格与成本倒挂,政府补贴压力大;燃煤热源价格仍是核算当地热源项目经济性的标杆,可再生能源、天然气等零碳低碳供热的成本较高,市场竞争力差;即使考虑碳成本,当前碳价仍不足以影响供热燃料的竞争格局。在碳达峰、碳中和的目标和形势要求下,需尽快开展低碳清洁供暖发展路径研究、建立完善供热价格定价机制、完善构建精准补贴的制度体系、完善清洁供热的税收激励政策,推动供热行业的低碳可持续发展。

China's heating industry relies heavily on fossil energy.In 2018,fossil energy accounted for 98%of urban central heating consumption.The task of low-carbon and carbon reduction in the heating industry is arduous.At present,the price and cost of heat source in the heating market in many cities are upside down,and government subsidies are under great pressure.The price of coal-fired heat source is still the benchmark for calculating the economy of local heat source projects.The cost of zero carbon and low-carbon heating such as renewable energy and natural gas is high and the market competitiveness is poor.Even considering the carbon cost,the current carbon price is still not eno ugh to affect the competitio n pattern of heating fuel.Under the goals and situation requirements of carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality,it is necessary to carry out the research on the development path of low-carbon clean heating as soon as possible,establish and improve the heating price mechanism,improve the system of precise subsidies,improve the tax incentive policies for clean heating,and promote the low-carbon sustainable development of the heating industry.