需求响应纳入电力市场的关键问题探讨

Discussion on Key Issues of Integrating Dema nd Response into Power Markets

面对我国推进碳达峰、碳中和以及构建新能源为主体的新型电力系统的新形势,电力供需平衡面临新的挑战,不仅需要在电源侧配置充足的灵活性资源,而且需要充分挖掘需求侧灵活性资源,在电力绿色低碳转型中建立“源荷结合”的新型系统运行机制和市场交易机制。本文总结了国际需求响应的经验,特别是美国最新的需求响应纳入电力市场的机制设计情况,系统整理了我国开展需求侧管理和需求响应的实践及最新措施。分析了我国需求响应纳入电力市场需要解决的市场准入、资源调查、效果评价、价格机制等关键问题,针对性地提出了明确市场主体资格、扩大资源范围、分类设计准入条件、开展资源调查评估、完善技术标准及评价方法、健全技术支撑能力、完善补偿机制等方面的建议。

The balance of power supply and demand faces new challenges in China given the promotion of carbon peak and carbon neutralization and the development of a new power system dominated by renewable energy.It is necessary not only to allocate sufficient flexible resources on the power supply side but also to explore flexible resources on the demand side,such that establishing a"source-load combined"new system operation mechanism and market mechanism under green and low carbon electricity transformation.In this study,we summarize the global experience of demand response,in particular,the market design of the latest integration of demand response into the power market within the U.S.We also review the practice and the latest instrument of facilitating the development of demand-side management and demand response within China.We analyze key issues of market access,resource survey,effect evaluation,and price mechanism that need to be solved,when demand response is integrated into the power market in China.Finally,we provide policy suggestions on clarifying the qualifications of market entities,expanding the scope of resources,designing access conditions by classification,conducting resource surveys and evaluations,improving technology standards and evaluation methods,completing technology support capability and the compensation mechanism.