金属增材制造若干关键力学问题研究进展

Fundamental mechanics problems in metal additive manufacturing:A state-of-art review

金属增材制造是一种兼顾复杂结构和高性能构件成形需求的颠覆性制造技术,在航空、航天、交通、核电等领域具有广阔的应用前景和发展空间.该技术大规模推广应用所面临的制造效率和控形保性挑战是一个涉及力学、光学、材料、机械、控制等多学科交叉的难题.本文针对其中涉及的若干关键力学问题,阐述了近年来国内外在面向金属增材制造的结构拓扑优化设计、制造过程数值模拟、成形材料与结构的缺陷表征和性能评价方面的研究进展,并对金属增材制造的结构设计-制造模拟-性能评价的发展趋势进行了展望.

Metal additive manufacturing(AM)is a kind of disruptive manufacturing technology that considers the needs of complex geometry fabrication and high-performance part fabrication.Hence,it has broad applications and extensive development space in aviation,aerospace,transportation,nuclear power,to name a few.However,its large-scale applications suffer from the challenge,including improving manufacturing efficiency and achieving the geometry and mechanical property as desired,which is a cross-cutting problem involving multi-discipline such as mechanics,optics,material science,mechanical engineering,control science.In the viewpoint of mechanics associated with the challenge,this paper critically reviews the recent research progress of AM-oriented structure topology optimization design,numerical simulation of the metal AM process,as-built defects characterization,and mechanical performance evaluation of the fabricated metal materials and components,which are referred to as structure design-process modelling-performance evaluation for metal AM.Finally,research topics that are required to address the fundamental mechanical problems in terms of structure design-process modellingperformance evaluation in AM of metallic components are provided.