中国热带地区木腐真菌物种组成及分布特征

Species composition and distribution characteristics of wood-decaying fungi in tropical areas of China

木腐真菌是一类依托倒死木生活的真菌,在森林生态系统物质循环过程中起重要作用。为了解我国热带地区木腐真菌的物种组成和分布情况,本研究选取海南尖峰岭、霸王岭、云南西双版纳为代表性研究地点,分析比较了三地点木腐真菌的物种组成、出现频率、寄主种类、生态习性等。经统计,三地点木腐真菌共有362种,其中尖峰岭222种,霸王岭200种,西双版纳119种,三地点共有种仅37个,81.08%均为常见种。尖峰岭、霸王岭属种组成较为相似,西双版纳则与上述两地存在较大差异。优势科为多孔菌科Polyporaceae和锈革菌科Hymenochaetaceae,主要为白腐真菌,占所有种类的93.92%。相比而言,尖峰岭、霸王岭的褐腐真菌数量高于西双版纳。

Wood-decaying fungi living on and degrading fallen-dead woods play an important function in the forest ecosystem. The distribution of the fungi in tropical areas of China was studied based on collections from Jianfengling and Bawangling(Hainan Province) and Xishuangbanna(Yunnan Province). Species diversity, community composition, occurrence frequency and ecological habits of them were analyzed. In total, 362 species were found, of which 222 in Jianfengling, 200 in Bawangling and 119 in Xishuangbanna. Only 37 species were common to all the sites, and common species accounted for 81.08%. Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae were the dominant families. The floral composition in Jianfengling and Bawangling was similar, but that in Xishuangbanna was quite different. The percentage of white-rot fungi accounted for 93.92% of the total. Brown-rot species in Jianfengling and Bawangling were much more than those in Xishuangbanna.