社区失能老人家庭照护能力评估指标体系的构建

Construction of the evaluation index system for the family care ability of the disabled elderly in the community

目的构建社区失能老人家庭照护能力评估指标体系,为全面评估失能老人的家庭照护能力提供参考。方法在文献研究的基础上,于2018年7月—2019年5月采用目的抽样法选取5名居家失能老人、12名家庭照护者、6名社区为老服务人员进行半结构访谈,初步构建指标体系的内容。于2019年6月—2020年1月采用德尔菲法对17名专家进行2轮咨询,对指标进行完善和修订,并采用层次分析法确定指标的权重。结果经过2轮专家咨询,最终形成了包含4项一级指标(家庭照护的经济能力、家庭的照护人力、家庭的照护凝聚力、家庭照护者的照护能力)、12项二级指标、27项三级指标的失能老人家庭照护能力评估指标体系。2轮咨询的问卷回收率均为100.0%,专家的权威系数为0.88,第2轮咨询后一级、二级、三级指标Kendall协调系数分别为0.647、0.635、0.620(P<0.01)。结论本研究所构建的社区失能老人家庭照护能力评估指标体系科学、可靠,内容全面,可为完善现有评估内容、制定评估标准、实施家庭照护能力评估提供参考和方向。

Objective To construct an evaluation index system for the family care ability of the disabled elderly in the community,so as to provide a reference for comprehensively assessing the family care ability of the disabled elderly.Methods On the basis of literature research,from July 2018 to May 2019,purpose sampling was used to select 5 home disabled elderly people,12 family caregivers,and 6 community service staff to conduct the semi-structured interview,and the content of the index system was initially constructed.From June 2019 to January 2020,the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of consultation with 17 experts,to improve and revise the indicators.The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of the indicators.Results After two rounds of expert consultation,an evaluation index system for the family care ability of the disabled elderly was finally formed,including 4 first-level indicators(family care economic capacity,family care manpower,family care cohesion,family caregiver's care ability),12 secondlevel indicators,and 27 third-level indicators.The questionnaire response rate for two rounds of consultation was 100.0%,and the expert's authority coefficient was 0.88.After the second round of consultation,the Kendall coordination coefficients of the first-level,second-level and third-level indicators were 0.647,0.635,and 0.620 respectively(P<0.01).Conclusions The evaluation index system for the family care ability of the disabled elderly in the community is scientific,reliable and comprehensive.It can provide reference and direction for improving the existing evaluation content,formulating evaluation standards,and then implementing the family care ability evaluation.