唐宋之际湖南地区州级政治演变

The Transformation of Prefect Politics of Hunan Region between Tang and Song Dynasties

唐末时期,湖南地方势力以州为单位纷纷自立,或以观察使治所州为核心开始扩张,或以各自所在州为基础自我防卫。至马楚政权,渐次吞并各州势力,并开始通过马氏子弟掌控节度使治所州,亲信将领分领治下州的模式来掌控整个湖南。马楚亡后,朗州政权依然利用亲信将领统治各州,但逐渐用文人取代武将,并派兵更戍各州。随着各州的地方势力逐渐削弱,北宋才能在灭亡朗州政权后,将北方的文人知州制迅速移植到湖南地区。

In the late Tang Dynasty, local forces of Hunan stood alone prefect by prefect. Some of them occupied the capital prefect of Guanchashi at first, then expanded to other forces;others protected themselves in one prefect. After the foundation of Chu Kingdom, the Ma Family began to appoint family members as Jiedushi, and trusted aide as prefecture to rule all the prefects in Hunan. The Langzhou regime also appointed trusted aide to prefects of Hunan, and used literati to replace generals, accompanied by rotation of soldiers. When all forces in prefects were weakened, the Northern Song Dynasty could push the Zhizhou system to Hunan after the perish of Langzhou regime.