SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2两种高致病性冠状病毒眼部感染的研究进展

Advancement of ocular infection with two highly pathogenic coronaviruses:SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19的全球大流行使冠状病毒再次引起重视。在本世纪大流行的三种高致病性冠状病毒(SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV、SARS-CoV-2)研究中,已有直接证据证明SARS-CoV及SARS-CoV-2可引起人眼部感染。冠状病毒感染除引起眼部症状外,也可通过眼部感染引发全身多种临床表现。两种高致病性冠状病毒(SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2)具有更强的流行性及更高的病死率,两种病毒眼部症状相似,病毒结构及眼部感染过程也具有相似性,主要是通过其特异性S蛋白与细胞表面相关受体结合,使其核酸进入细胞内并借用细胞内的蛋白合成通路对自身蛋白进行转录、组装、折叠并通过其受体蛋白激发多种细胞因子表达。本文就2003年流行的SARS-CoV以及2019年末流行的SARS-CoV-2两种高致病性冠状病毒的特点、眼部感染通路的研究进展及病毒眼部感染相关的研究现状进行综述,阐述眼部病毒防护及患者眼部检查的必要性。

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has brought renewed attention to coronaviruses.In studies of the three highly pathogenic coronaviruses that have caused pandemics in this century(SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2),there is direct evidence that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can cause ocular infections in humans.In addition to ocular symptoms,coronavirus infection can also cause a variety of systemic clinical manifestations through ocular infection.The two highly pathogenic coronaviruses(SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2)are more prevalent and have a higher mortality rate.The ocular symptoms of the two viruses are similar,as are the viral structure and the process of ocular infection,mainly through the binding of their specific S proteins to relevant receptors on the cell surface,allowing their nucleic acids to enter the cell and use the intracellular protein synthesis pathway to the process of transcription,assembly,folding and expression of various cytokines through its receptor proteins is similar.This article reviews the characteristics of two highly pathogenic coronaviruses,SARS-CoV,which became prevalent in 2003,and SARS-CoV-2,which caused a worldwide epidemic in late 2019,the progress of research on the ocular infection pathway and the current status of research related to viral ocular infections,and the need for ocular virus protection and ocular screening of patients.