广州市某汽车制造企业作业人员工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤情况及影响因素分析

Analysis on prevalence status and the influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou City

目的分析广州市某汽车制造企业作业人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的检出情况及其影响因素。方法于2020年4月,采用整群抽样方法,选择广州市某汽车制造企业7 065名作业人员为研究对象,采用《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》(NMQ)调查其WMSDs患病情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果研究对象WMSDs检出率为43.9%(3 102/7 065),其中多部位WMSDs的检出率达31.4%;检出率最高的部位是颈部(24.5%),其次是肩部(21.1%)、踝部(20.1%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,工龄3~8年、>8年、年龄>30岁、工作每天重复、每分钟多次重复动作、工作姿势不舒适、经常加班和部门人员短缺等是多部位WMSDs的危险因素(P<0.05);休息时间充足是多部位WMSDs的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论汽车制造企业作业人员颈部、肩部、踝部及多部位的WMSDs检出率较高,不良劳动姿势及不合理的工作组织是WMSDs的主要危险因素,适当的工间休息可以有效降低患病风险,应开展有效工效学干预措施以预防汽车制造业工人WMSDs的发生。

Objective To analyze the detection and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)of workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou City.Methods In April 2020,a total of 7065 workers of an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou City were selected as research subjects using cluster sampling method.The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire(NMQ)was used to investigate the detection of WMSDs.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of WMSDs.Results The detection rate of WMSDs was 43.9%(3102/7065),among which the detection rate of multiple WMSDs was 31.4%.The detection rates of WMSDs in different parts from high to low were as follows:neck(24.5%),shoulder(21.1%)and ankle(20.1%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that working experience of 3-8 years,>8 years,age>30 years old,repetitive work every day,multiple repetitions per minute,uncomfortable work posture,frequent overtime work and lack of staff in the department were risk factors for multi-site WMSDs(P<0.05).Adequate rest time was a protective factor for multi-site WMSDs(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rates of WMSDs in neck,shoulder,ankle,and multisite in automobile manufacturing enterprise are relatively high.The primary risk factors include adverse ergonomic factors and unreasonable organization of labour factors,optimize the work breaks can effectively reduce the risk of disease,effective ergonomic interventions should be carried out to prevent the occurrence of WMSDs among workers in the automobile manufacturing industry.