燃煤电厂典型岗位噪声暴露水平测量及其危险度评估探讨

Pisussion on noise exposure level measurement and risk assessment of typical posts in coal-fired power plants

目的研究燃煤电厂典型岗位群体噪声暴露水平,探索建立噪声暴露岗位危险度评估方法。方法于2020年4月,选择11家燃煤电厂295名典型岗位劳动者作为研究对象,分析典型岗位群体噪声暴露剂量以及不同暴露剂量下的暴露群体比例,结合剂量-反应关系进行危险度评估。结果燃煤电厂典型岗位噪声暴露水平为(84.24±4.10)dB(A),超标率为44.07%(130/295),各岗位噪声超标率最高为脱硫巡检工(51.52%),其次为汽机巡检工(47.92%)和皮带巡检工(46.32%)。以30年为例,燃煤电厂噪声暴露岗位职业性噪声聋发病率为12.30%,发病率最高的岗位为皮带巡检工(13.21%),其他依次为汽机巡检工(12.97%)、脱硫巡检工(12.42%)、锅炉巡检工(11.59%)和化学水巡检工(6.89%)。结论燃煤电厂噪声暴露危险度较高,建议采取综合控制措施,有效降低噪声聋的发病风险。

Objective To study the group noise exposure level of typical coal-fired power plants and explore the establishment of risk assessment methods for noise exposed posts.Methods In April 2020,295 typical workers in 11 coal-fired power plants were selected as the study subjects.The noise exposure dose of typical posts and the proportion of exposure groups under different exposure doses were analyzed,and the risk assessment based on the dose-response relationship was conducted.Results The exposure level of typical noise posts in coal-fired power plants was(84.24±4.10)dB(A),and the over-standard rate was 44.07%(130/295).The highest noise over-standard rate in main posts were desulfurization inspectors(51.52%),followed by steam turbine inspectors(47.92%)and belt inspectors(46.32%).Taking 30 years as an example,the incidence rate of occupational noise deafness of noise-exposed posts in coal-fired power plants was 12.30%.The position with the highest incidence rate was belt inspector(13.21%),followed by steam turbine inspector(12.97%),desulfurization inspectors(12.42%),boiler inspectors(11.59%)and chemical water inspectors(6.89%).Conclusion The risk of noise exposure in coal-fired power plants is relatively high.Comprehensive control measures are recommended to effectively reduce the risk of noise deafness.