福建科举神崇拜的“前文昌时代”——以福建旧志为中心的考察

The God Worship of the"Pre-Wenchang Era"in the Imperial Examination in Fujian——An Investigation of Fujian Old Chronicles as the center

考察福建的科举神崇拜具有典型意义。福建科举兴盛,民间信仰繁杂,文昌信仰入闽前,围绕科举中心和科举重镇,已形成福州石竹山、兴化九鲤湖两大祈梦中心,及何氏九仙、应魁圣王、大魁夫子、智神壶公等科举神崇拜。文昌信仰入闽后,福建本地科举神崇拜受冲击,本土神祠遭遇冷落和怀疑,但在民间仍有余响。以上在福建旧志的"风俗""祠庙""科举""杂志"等卷目中有清晰呈现。以福建为个案,溯源福建科举神的"前文昌时代",可以管窥唐宋时期科举神崇拜的生成、盛行与消歇轨迹,探究元明之后文昌信仰的传播与接受生态。

It is of typical significance to investigate the imperial examination and god worship in Fujian.In the imperial examination in Fujian,many civil beliefs were complicated.Before Wenchang faith entered Fujian,the two prayer centers,Shizhushan in Fuzhou and Jiuli Lake in Xinghua,as well as"Hejiu Fairy","Yingkui Sage King,Dakui Master,and Wisdom Hugong.After Wenchang Faith entered Fujian,the worship of the local imperial examination gods in Fujian was impacted,and the local shrines were neglected and suspected,but there were still lingering voices among the people.The above is clearly presented in the"customs","temples","ancestral temples","imperial examinations"and"magazines"of the old annals of Fujian.Taking Fujian as an individual case,tracing back to the"former Wenchang Era"of Fujian imperial examination gods,you can examine the generation,prevalence and extinction track of imperial examination gods worship in the Tang and Song Dynasties,and explore the dissemination and acceptance of Wenchang faith after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.