金属-有机框架构筑的中空及复合材料在催化电解水方面的研究进展

Resent progress of hollow and composite electrocatalysis materials derived from metal-organic frameworks for water splitting

近年来,金属-有机框架(MOFs)作为合成含金属碳基材料最理想的前驱体之一,获得了广泛关注,由MOFs及其衍生物构筑的中空及复合材料作为电催化剂在电解水领域的研究成果突出.本文将对近年基于MOFs构筑的中空及复合结构材料在电催化析氢、析氧方面的研究进展进行总结,并做展望.

Producing hydrogen by water splitting is a really promising way to alleviate the energy crisis because of its high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness.Water splitting consists of two half reactions,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).To promote the practical applications of water splitting,efficient electrocatalysts are required to lower the reaction energy barrier of HER and OER,and improve the energy efficien-cy.Metallic materials usually have high catalytic activity,while carbon-based materials have high conductivity and porosity,so the combination of metal and carbon can be used to prepare highly efficient electrocatalysts.However,the materials synthesized with simple metal salts as precursors are difficult to meet the above requirements.Therefore,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),which have both organic ligands(as carbon sources)and metal ions,stand out as one of the most ideal precursors for the synthesis of metal-containing carbon-based materials,and have received extensive attentions and indepth researches.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are compounds formed by the assembly of metal ions and organic ligands through coordination.It has uniform pore structures,adjustable pore sizes,structural diversity and facile design.MOFs have been used as precursors to synthesize various functional materials,such as carbon materials,metal materials and their composites in recent years.For OER and HER,the carbon-based materials derived from MOFs have the following advantages:(1)The morphology and porosity are adjustable,which is benefitted to expose the active site and promote the transfer of matter and charge in the reaction;(2)Due to the uniform distribution of metal sources in MOFs,the metal active substances in MOFs derived materials can also maintain good dispersity in the carbon skeleton to improve the utilization of active sites;(3)The organic ligands in MOFs introduce heteroatoms to form heteroatomic functional groups and optimize the activity of the metal materials;(4)Some precursors can be modified on the inner or outer surfaces of the holes of MOFs to further optimize the properties of the derived materials.The advantages mentioned above make the development of MOFs-derived materials of great research value.In this paper,the research progress in the electrocatalyst of HER and OER based on MOFs-hollow structures and composite structures materials in the past decade is summarized,which is mainly divided into two parts:hollow structures and composite structures.