清代陕西关中私家陵寝园林植物景观空间探析

Analysis of Private Mausoleum Garden and Plant Landscape Space in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province

植物作为园林构成要素之一,在园林空间的塑造中发挥着重要作用。为深入研究植物在清代陕西关中私家陵寝园林景观空间构建中的作用,以旬邑县唐氏陵寝园林的现场调研、实地测绘等资料为基础,运用空间句法理论和Depthmap软件,选用连接度、整合度、深度值等三个参数,从可行层与可视层两个视角,研究了植物景观对陵园中园林空间的影响,并探讨了空间句法研究植物凸空间的界定方法。结果表明:植物景观是清代陕西关中私家陵寝园林空间构建中的重要组成,陵寝园林中特殊的树种选择以及种植设计,能较好地引导与暗示人们的视线和行为,丰富陵园景观的视觉与空间层次感,也对营造陵园庄重肃穆的纪念性氛围具有重要意义。通过对植物凸空间的界定,从可行与可视两个层面建立分析模型,定量研究植物景观在陵寝园林空间布局中的影响,较直观、清晰地剖析了植物景观私家陵寝园林空间营造中所起的作用,在运用Depthmap对园林空间进行定量分析的应用研究中颇具创新意义。

As one of the component elements in gardens,plant takes an important role in the spatial design of landscape.To make a further study on how plant plays a role in landscape spatial construction in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province in Qing Dynasty,on spot investigation and measurement of Tang's mausoleum in Xunyi was conducted.Space syntax theory and Depthmap software with three related parameters which are Connectivity,Integration and Depth were applied.Through the perspectives of visual and walkable layer,quantitative research was carried out to find out the influence of plant landscape on the garden spatial layout,and the definition of plant convex space in space syntax research.The result showed that plant landscape is an important part of landscape spatial construction in the central Shaanxi plain in Qing Dynasty.The special species and design of plants have a positive effect on people's sight and behavior and enrich the visual and space layer in mausoleum garden.It also contributes to creating a specific atmosphere in mausoleum garden as a particular landscape garden.