英美高级水平汉语学习者别字书写研究及其理论蕴含

The characteristics and theoretical implications of Chinese characters written by advanced British and American learners

文章选取中介字字库中的英美高级水平汉语学习者的别字材料,参照中国小学高年级学生的别字书写材料,通过对比,发现二者在汉字习得中字音策略使用最多,字义策略使用较少。英美学习者别字类型广,只有一个汉字要素相关的别字比例高。本文重点讨论了英美学生双字词内部汉字混用、音同音近别字、似别字三种别字现象出现的原因和发生条件。本研究得出如下结论:双字词内部汉字混用情况跟双字词熟悉度、结构关系、学习者语素意识、首字效应、汉字熟悉度和汉字构词能力等密切相关。音同音近别字的发生和英美学生母语发音系统有关。似别字和别字不同,它因错而别,在教学中要区别对待。同时,本研究辅以认知心理学阐释,以期为汉字教学提供参考。

This paper selects wrongly written Chinese characters,i.e.Biezi,by advanced British and American learners and compares them with those by Chinese primary school pupils.It is found that both use more phonetic strategies than semantic strategies in Chinese character acquisition.At the same time,a more diversified variety of Biezi appears among British and American learners,with only one type related to character element at a high proportion.This paper focuses on the causes and conditions of the occurrences of three kinds of Biezi,i.e.of mixed use,of similar pronunciation,and of similar appearance(i.e.Si Biezi).At the same time,this paper tries to reveal the reasons behind from a cognitive psychological perspective,so as to provide help for British and American learners and even to Chinese second language learners in Chinese character writing.