乡村教师激励的创新设计:社会流动支持的视角

Innovative Design of Rural Teachers’Incentive:Based on the Perspective of Social Mobility Theory

针对我国当前乡村教师激励存在的诸多问题,本文借用社会流动理论,从乡村教师社会流动的特点、当前社会背景下乡村教师社会流动成为发展趋势以及社会流动符合城乡教师发展需求等方面论证了社会流动支持乡村教师激励的可行性。同时,针对激励政策、激励内容、激励方式以及激励实施过程与结果管理方面的问题,基于社会流动支持创新设计乡村教师激励。即针对激励政策未精准对接乡村教师本体的实际诉求,提出以社会流动聚焦乡村教师的需求与乡村教育发展的激励政策;针对激励内容过多关注乡村教师队伍的稳定而忽视教师流动的现实与意愿,提出以水平流动为主同时落脚于教师队伍总体稳定的激励内容;针对激励方式有偏重、发挥的激励作用较为有限,提出以多种代际间可传递资本累积使得激励方式多样又有力;针对激励过程管理存在疏漏、实施效果评估缺乏,提出加强激励实施过程与效果监管以增强激励的有效性。

in view of the current problems of rural teachers’incentive in China,it demonstrates the feasibility of using this theory of social mobility to support rural teachers’motivation from the following aspects:there are two main characteristics of rural teachers’social mobility,rural teachers’social mobility has become a development trend under the current social background,and social mobility meets the development needs of urban and rural teachers.In order to solve the problems in the policy,content,method and process-and-result management of incentive,we need to use this theory of social mobility to support innovative design of incentive for rural teachers as follows:in view of the problem that the incentive policy does not accurately connect with the actual demands of rural teachers,this paper puts forward the incentive policy focusing on the needs of rural teachers and the development of rural education with social mobility;in view of the problem that the incentive content pays too much attention to the stability of rural teachers and ignores the reality and willingness of teachers’flow,this paper puts forward the incentive content of horizontal flow,which is based on the overall stability of teachers;in view of the problem that the incentive mode is biased and the incentive effect is limited,this paper puts forward that the incentive mode is diversified and powerful by the accumulation of a variety of inter-generational transitive capital;in view of the lack of incentive process management and implementation effect evaluation,it proposes to strengthen the supervision of incentive implementation process and to enhance the effectiveness of incentive,and so on.