重庆市水文分区研究

Study on hydrological Regionalization of Chongqing

本文开展的重庆市水文分区工作,系根据流域下垫面的地形地貌特征、土壤特征、土地利用特征以及气候、水文等共13个特征要素,进行主成分分析,并以此作为聚类分析的变量,采用K-means聚类方法,综合考虑实际需要及最小类内方差准则,将重庆市划分为5个水文分区,并采用单因素方差分析检验的方法论证分区结果的合理性。结果表明,2019年年降雨量、24h最大降水量、输沙模数和年径流深4个水文实测要素在不同水文分区有显著差异,采用空间聚类方法得到的水文分区较为合理。水文分区为重庆市区域代表站的划分以及无资料地区水文资料的移用提供依据。

Since there is no hydrological regionalization in Chongqing,in this paper,based on a total of 13 features elements such as watershed underlying surface topography,soil characteristics,the characteristics of land use,climate,and hydrology,the principal component analysis was adopted as the variable of clustering analysis,and the K-means clustering method was adopted to divide Chongqing into five hydrological regionalization by considering the actual needs and the minimum intra-class variance criterion.One-way ANOVA test was used to verify the rationality of the results.The results show that the four hydrological measured elements,namely annual rainfall,24-hour maximum precipitation,sediment transport modulus and annual runoff depth,have significant differences in different hydrological regionalization in 2019,it is reasonable to use spatial clustering method to get hydrological regionalization.Hydrological regionalization can provide basis to design hydrological station net-work.