乳酸代谢在前列腺癌发生发展中的研究进展

Research progress on lactic acid metabolism in prostate cancer

前列腺癌(PCa)是男性常见恶性肿瘤,在我国发病率逐年增加。肿瘤细胞通过有氧糖酵解摄取大量葡萄糖,通过一系列酶催化反应产生乳酸和能量。乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)是细胞能量代谢过程中乳酸形成的关键酶,其中乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)在PCa患者中表达水平显著增加且与疾病的不良预后密切相关,乳酸脱氢酶B(LDHB)执行相反的生物学功能。PCa组织中肿瘤细胞和基质细胞产生的乳酸在单羧酸转运体(MCT)的作用下进行跨膜转运,动态调控细胞能量代谢和酸平衡,研究发现MCT1和MCT4在PCa乳酸转运过程中发挥重要作用,并通过多种分子机制影响转移性去势抵抗性PCa的恶性生物学行为。本文就乳酸代谢在PCa发生发展中的研究进行综述。

Prostate cancer(PCa)is a common malignancy in adult males,with incidence increasing year by year.In aerobic glycolysis,cancer cells intake plentiful glucose and produce lactic acid as well as energy through a series of enzymatic reactions.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)is a key enzyme in the process of cellular lactic acid production and energy metabolism.Increased LDHA expression in PCa is closely related to the poor prognosis of the disease,while LDHB performs the opposite biological function.Lactic acid produced by tumor cells and stromal cells in PCa tissues is transported across the cytomembrane under the action of monocarboxylate transporter(MCT),and in this way,cellular energy metabolism and acid balance are dynamically regulated.It has been demonstrated that MCT1 and MCT4 play important roles in lactic acid transfer and malignant behaviors of metastatic castration-resistant PCa through several molecular mechanisms.Here we have reviewed the research progresses on lactate metabolism in PCa.