结构性传承:传统节日变迁的内在理路及其更新方式

Structural Inheritance:the Internal Rationale for the Changes of Traditional Festivals and Their Renewal Methods

中国传统节日最突出的特征不是乡土性,而是系统性。其他民族文化中的节日都不及中国传统节日如此结构严谨。这"结构"既存在于传统节日体系之中,也隐含于每个具体节日。在传统节日发展过程中,稳定性与变异性同时存在,但节俗变异性总是立足于结构稳定性基础之上,结构性传承是中国传统节日稳定性的基石。"结构性传承"观念对于传统节日的当代传承与振兴有着指导性意义,它不仅为节日传承划了一道"红线",设置了底线框架,同时也为节俗创新预留了足够空间。也就是说,要保护传统节日的系统性、结构性,在此基础上,可以进行合理的更新与调适,鼓励因时、因地创新节俗。

The most prominent feature of Chinese traditional festivals is not local,but systemic.Festivals in other ethnic cultures are not as well-structured as traditional Chinese festivals.This"structure"not only exists in the traditional festival system,but also implicit in each specific festival.In the development of traditional festivals,stability and variability exist at the same time,but festival variability is always based on structural stability.Structural inheritance is the cornerstone of the stability of traditional Chinese festivals.The concept of"structural inheritance"has a guiding significance for the contemporary inheritance and revitalization of traditional festivals.It not only draws a"red line"for the inheritance of festivals and sets the bottom line framework,but also reserves enough space for festival and custom innovation.In other words,it is necessary to protect the systematic and structural nature of traditional festivals.On this basis,reasonable innovation and adjustment of festivals can be carried out,and innovations of festivals can be encouraged in accordance with time and place.