明代宁夏镇“水头”研究

Study on"Shuitou"(水头)of Ningxia Town in Ming Dynasty

作为水源地的"水头"是明代西北诸镇别具特色的人文景观。以宁夏镇为例,密布着至少50余处较大体量的水头,它们大多分布在标志着气候分界线的"边墙"附近,成为农耕民族与游牧民族频繁互动的舞台之一。水头反映了当时自然生态尤其是地下水的分布与林木的涵养情况,也反映了不同生计的人群主动适应和利用改造我国西北干旱地区的曲折过程,更反映了历史上农耕民族和游牧民族在政治、经济、文化和军事各领域内的交流与融合的密切关系。

As the water source,"Shuitou"(水头)was a unique cultural landscape in the Northwest towns in Ming Dynasty.Taking Ningxia town as an example,there are at least 50 relatively large"Shuitou",most of which are distributed near the"side wall"that marks the climate boundary,and become one of the stages for frequent interaction between the farming and nomadic people."Shuitou"reflects the natural ecology during this period,especially the distribution of the groundwater and the conservation of trees,and it also reflects the tortuous process that people with different living methods actively adapt and use the northwest arid region of China,furthermore it reflects the close relationship of interaction and blending in the political,economic,cultural and military between the farming and nomadic people in the history.