餐厨垃圾堆肥对水稻生长、产量及土壤养分含量的影响

Effects of kitchen waste compost on the yield and quality of rice and soil nutrient content

为探讨餐厨垃圾堆肥对水稻生长、产量及土壤养分含量的影响及其在水稻田的合理施用提供理论依据,以不施肥为对照,在等氮的条件下,设置了化肥、餐厨垃圾生化一体机处理尾料堆肥化产品(餐厨堆肥)、猪粪有机肥及鸡粪有机肥4个处理,测定水稻不同发育时期生长指标、产量及土壤养分含量的变化。结果表明:餐厨堆肥、化肥处理都能显著增加水稻株高、地上部生物量和产量,其中,餐厨堆肥处理水稻产量最高达9379.63kg/hm^(2),较对照、猪粪有机肥处理显著提高,分别增产19.40%和12.95%;此外,水稻考种结果显示,餐厨堆肥处理水稻有效穗数和每穗粒数高于其余各处理组,千粒重和结实率略低于猪粪、鸡粪有机肥处理,但均无显著差异;土壤数据测定结果显示,餐厨堆肥处理在土壤有机质和土壤速效氮的提升上优于猪粪、鸡粪有机肥,土壤有机质含量较猪粪、鸡粪有机肥处理分别提升19.87%和11.64%,土壤速效氮含量从分蘖期至黄熟期均高于其余各施肥处理,且在分蘖期、抽穗期、黄熟期显著高于猪粪有机肥处理。综上,餐厨堆肥可以确保水稻的生长和产量,且在土壤有机质和速效氮的提升上优于猪粪有机肥,具备推广和应用的潜力。

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of kitchen waste compost on the growth and yield of rice and soil nutrient content and provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of kitchen waste compost in rice fields.Field experiments were conducted.No-fertilier treatment was used as control.Under the condition of equal nitrogen,four treatments including chemical fertilizer,food waste biochemical integrated machine for processing tailings composting products(kitchen waste compost),pig manure organic fertilizer and chicken manure organic fertilizer were set up.The growth indexes,and yield of rice and the soil nutrient content at different developmental stages were determined.The results showed that:The kitchen waste compost and chemical fertilizer treatments significantly increased the plant height,above-ground biomass and actual yield of rice.Among them,the yield of rice under the kitchen waste compost treatment reached 9379.63 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly higher than that of the control and pig manure organic fertilizer treatment and it was increased by 19.40%and 12.95%,respectively.In addition,the results of rice test showed that the effective panicle number and the number of grains per panicle of rice in the kitchen waste compost treatment were higher than those of other treatment groups.The thousand-grain weight and seed setting rate were slightly lower than those of pig manure and chicken manure organic fertilizer treatment,but they did not reach significant differences.The results of soil data measurement showed that the kitchen waste compost treatment was better than the pig manure and chicken manure organic fertilizer.The soil organic matter and soil available nitrogen were all improved.The soil organic matter content was higher than that of pig manure and chicken manure organic fertilizer treatment and it was increased by 19.87%and 11.64%,respectively.The content of soil available nitrogen was higher than other fertilization treatments from tillering stage to yellow maturity stage,and was significantly higher than that of pig manure organic fertilizer treatment at tillering stage,heading stage and yellow maturity stage.In summary,the kitchen waste compost can ensure the growth and yield of rice,which is superior to pig manure organic fertilizer in terms of soil organic matter and available nitrogen and has the potential for promotion and application.