臭氧水应用于温室土壤消毒的探究

Study on the application of ozone water in greenhouse soil disinfection

针对传统土壤消毒方法存在污染环境、危害作物的问题,对臭氧水应用于温室土壤消毒的可行性进行研究。以常见土壤消毒剂石灰氮为对照,研究臭氧水质量浓度(ρ(O_(3)))和灌溉周期对温室土壤(土层厚度0~30cm)中细菌、真菌、放线菌和线虫消减率的影响。结果表明:1)用臭氧水进行土壤消毒可达深度为15~20cm的土层,可覆盖常见温室园艺作物的根际范围,预期可减少根际染病;2)ρ(O_(3))=5mg/L的臭氧水3次处理后土壤(0~30cm)微生物消减率高于ρ(O_(3))=20mg/L的臭氧水1次处理的土壤;3)用ρ(O_(3))=10~15mg/L的臭氧水,间隔7d浇灌土壤,连续浇灌3次,并覆盖白色PE农用地膜,可达到最为理想的土壤(0~30cm)微生物消减效果,以此浇灌制度进行土壤消毒对土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌和线虫的消减率分别为44.64%、53.53%、46.12%和48.64%,除线虫消减率略低于石灰氮对照组以外,臭氧水对土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌的消减率均高于对照组;4)原始土壤中硝酸菌属、亚硝酸菌属、芽孢杆菌属和链霉菌属所占比例为5.3%,臭氧水处理后增加到7.4%,使土壤中有益微生物所占的比例略微提升。臭氧水应用于温室土壤消毒可以达到良好的土壤微生物和线虫的消减效果,且与传统的化学消毒剂相比不会产生有害副产物,因此可以将臭氧水用于防控设施内土传病害。

In view of the problems of environmental pollution and crop damage of traditional soil disinfection methods,the feasibility of using ozone water in greenhouse soil disinfection was studied.The effects of ozone water mass concentration(ρ(O_(3)))and irrigation cycle on the removal rates of bacteria,fungi,Actinomycetes and nematodes in greenhouse soil(0-30 cm in thickness)were investigated with lime nitrogen as control.The results showed that:1)Soil disinfection with ozone water reached a depth of 15 to 20 cm,which covered the rhizosphere of common greenhouse horticultural crops and is expected to reduce rhizosphere disease infection;2)The reduction rate of microorganisms in the soil(0-30 cm)treated withρ(O_(3))=5 mg/L for three times was higher than that in the soil treated withρ(O_(3))=20 mg/L for once;3)The optimum effect of soil microorganism reduction achieved by irrigating ozone waterρ(O_(3))=10-15 mg/L 3 times with intervals of 7 days,and covering with PE agricultural mulch.The reduction rates of soil bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and nematodes under this method were 44.6%,53.5%,46.1%and 48.6%,respectively.The reduction rates of soil bacteria,fungi and Actinomycetes under this irrigation method were all higher than those under the control group except for the nematodes,which was slightly lower than that under the control group;4)The proportion of nitrobacteria,nitrite,bacillus and streptomyces in the original soil was 5.3%,which increased to 7.4%after ozone water treatment,and the proportion of beneficial microorganisms in the soil was slightly increased.In conclusion,the application of ozone water in greenhouse soil disinfection can achieve a good subtractive effect of soil microorganisms and nematodes,without producing harmful by-products compared with traditional chemical disinfectants.Therefor,the ozone water can be used to control soil-borne diseases in greenhouses.