地方自发环境规制政策的企业出口质量效应——基于“河长制”政策的研究

The Quality Effect of Enterprise Exports Under the Local Spontaneous Environmental Regulation Policies——Research Based on the“River Chief System”Policy

现有关于环境规制与出口质量的研究大多考察由中央颁布的“自上而下式”政策,地方自发推动的“自下而上式”政策产生的出口质量效应有待深入探讨。首先基于2006-2013年中国海关出口统计数据测算产品质量,并加成得到企业层面的出口产品质量数据,然后将“河长制”政策在长三角地区实施作为准自然实验,运用DID和PSM-DID方法考察以“河长制”为代表的“自下而上式”环境规制政策对我国企业出口产品质量的影响。结果显示:“河长制”政策整体上对我国企业出口产品质量提升有显著的负向影响。在区分企业性质和所属行业后,“河长制”政策对国有企业、省属企业、资本密集型企业出口产品质量具有显著负向影响;相对于清洁型行业,“河长制”政策对污染型行业负向影响更大。因此,在推行“河长制”政策过程中应充分考虑企业和行业异质性。

Existing research on environmental regulation and export quality mostly examines the“top-down”policy promulgated by the central government,and few study the export effects of the“bottom-up”policy promoted spontaneously by the local government.This article calculates product quality data based on China Customs export statistics from 2006 to 2013,weighted to obtain export product quality data at the enterprise level,and implements the river chief system policy in the Yangtze River Delta region as a quasi-natural experiment,using DID and PSM-DID methods to investigate the impact of the“bottom-up”environmental regulation policy represented by the river chief system on the quality of my country s export products.The research found that:First,the river chief system policy has a significant negative impact on the quality of my country s export products as a whole.The results are still stable after replacing samples with matching scores,removing regional unobservable factors,and counterfactual testing.Second,after distinguishing between the nature of the enterprise and the industry,the river chief system policy has a significant negative impact on the quality of export products of state-owned enterprises,central-provincial enterprises,and capital-intensive enterprises.Compared with clean industries,the river chief system has a significant negative impact on pollution.The negative impact of this type of industry is even greater.