技术进步偏向对技能工资差距的影响——基于中国家庭收入调查微观数据的理论与实证研究

The Impact of Technological Progress Bias on the Skills Wage Gap:Theoretical and Empirical Research Based on Chinese Household Income Project Survey

技术进步偏向引发的技能工资差距扩大引起了广泛关注。结合理论模型和实证分析探讨技术进步偏向对技能工资差距的影响效果,首先在双层嵌套的CES生产函数下构建技术进步偏向影响技能工资差距的理论模型,得出当资本和劳动呈替代关系时,技术进步越偏向资本,技能工资差距越小,技术进步越偏向劳动,技能工资差距越大的主要结论。然后,基于中国家庭收入调查(CHIPS)微观数据,采用Heckman两阶段法实证分析技术进步偏向对技能工资差距的影响效果,结果表明:技术进步的资本偏向性越高,高低技能劳动力之间的技能工资差距越小。最后,为进一步探究技术进步偏向对技能工资差距的差异化影响,对不同产业类别、不同企业特征和不同区域的分样本进行回归,实证结果表明:技术进步偏向对技能工资的影响主要通过第三产业和非国有企业实现,并且在东部地区的影响尤为显著,在这三类样本中技术进步偏向均缩小了高低技能劳动力之间的技能工资差距。因此,政府应注重国有企业招聘市场化和透明化、注重对服务业中小型企业的扶持以及对低技能劳动者尤其是东部地区低技能劳动者的在职培训。

This paper discusses the effect of technology progress bias on skill premium by combining theoretical model and empirical analysis.Based on the theoretical basis of the two-layer nested CES production function,we constructs a theoretical framework,the theoretical analysis concludes that technology progress capital bias has a negative effect on skill premium.Then we use 2002,2007,2008,2013 CHIPS data and other statistics,we empirically analyze the effect of capital bias technology progress on skill premium by Heckman two-step model.Both empirical result and robustness test suggest that capital bias has a significant negative effect on skill premium indeed.It is in accordance with the theoretical result.Through the regression of different categories of industry,different ownership of enterprise and different regions,we further explores the heterogeneous influence of technological progress on skill premium.These results suggest that the impact of technology progress bias on skill premium is mainly achieved through tertiary industry and non-state-owned enterprises,and the impact is particularly pronounced in the east.In these three types of samples,technology progress capital bias has a negative effect on skill premium.So,we should focus on the marketization and transparency of state-owned enterprises,the support to small and medium enterprises of tertiary industry and the job training of low-skilled workers,especially the training of low-skilled workers in the east.