传统池塘和“跑道”养殖黄金鲫的营养组成分析与评价

Comparative analysis of muscle nutrient composition between in-pond raceway system and usual-pond system cultured golden crucian carp(Carassius auratus)

为研究不同养殖模式对黄金鲫(Carassius auratus)营养组成和品质的影响,以传统池塘精养和采用池塘内循环流水“跑道”模式养成的黄金鲫为研究对象,分析比较了两种养殖模式下黄金鲫肌肉营养成分、质构和风味物质等指标。结果显示,“跑道”组黄金鲫背肌的粗脂肪含量显著低于池塘组,而粗灰分含量显著高于池塘组(P<0.05);“跑道”组黄金鲫肌肉的硬度、粘附性和黏性等质构指标与池塘组相比显著提升(P<0.05)。两种模式下养成的黄金鲫,其肌肉的氨基酸组成无显著差异(P>0.05),且必需氨基酸评分均高于FAO/WHO的标准。“跑道”组黄金鲫肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的比例均显著高于池塘组,而饱和脂肪酸占比显著低于池塘组(P<0.05)。“跑道”组黄金鲫肌肉中部分挥发性物质,如壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇的含量也低于池塘组。分析比较结果表明,采用池塘内循环流水“跑道”养殖模式可以在一定程度上提升黄金鲫的营养品质。

This study was conducted to compare the muscle composition of golden crucian carp(Carassius auratus)cultured in usual-pond system(UPS)and in-pond raceway system(IPRS).The results showed that crude lipid content in IPRS group was significantly lower than that of C.auratus in UPS group,however,crude ash content was significantly higher in the IPRS group(P<0.05).Moreover,the levels of texture characteristics including hardness,gumminess and adhesiveness were significantly higher in the IPRS group(P<0.05).Although there was no significant difference in amino acids composition of muscle between groups(P>0.05),the ratio of essential amino acid(EAA)to non-essential amino acids(NEAA)was higher than the standard of FAO/WHO.The total content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA),monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)in dorsal muscle were significantly higher than those of data in the UPS group,while the ratio of saturated fatty acids(SFA)to total fatty acids was significantly lower in IPRS group(P<0.05).The contents of muscle volatile flavor compounds such as nonanal and 1-Octen-3-ol were relatively lower in IPRS group(P>0.05).In conclusion,these results indicated that the in-pond raceway system has a positive effect on the nutritional quality of C.auratus.