高中学业选择指导前沿之社会认知生涯理论的框架、解释力与实用性

Social Cognitive Career Theory as the Frontier of Guidance in High-school Academic Choice:Framework, Interpretation and Applicability

新高考背景下以提升自主选择能力为目标的高中生学业选择指导,是学生发展指导的核心内容。目前我国学业选择指导的研究与实践均暴露出理论研究薄弱的问题。社会认知生涯理论(简称SCCT)是近年来在国际学术界一种具有广泛影响的理论框架,该理论采诸多经典生涯理论之长,构建起以基于学习经验的心理认知因素为关键概念,以情境因素与个人因素为生涯行为发生条件的融合性框架。关于SCCT理论的研究逐步区分"决策效能"与"学科效能"的概念,并与人格理论结合进一步探索学生的选择过程,为学业选择能力的培养提供了科学依据。该理论在我国高中学生指导工作中具有重要价值,但其存在"兴趣"概念静态化界定的缺陷,忽视了学生学业兴趣的发展性。未来我国学者基于SCCT框架的研究可向质性研究领域伸展,更加深度、动态地分析学生发展的过程与特点,为学业选择指导实践切中入手点。

Against the backdrop of the new college entrance examination,academic choice guidance for students to improve the competence in autonomous choice-making should be regarded as the core of student development guidance in high schools.The current research and practice concerning academic choice guidance both have exposed the vulnerability in theories.The Social Cognitive Career Theory(SCCT for short)is a theoretical framework that has an extensive influence in the international academic community in recent years.The theory extracted the essence of many classic career theories,and constructed an integrative framework which hypothesized the psychological and cognitive factors from learning experience as key concepts as well as the contextual and individual factors as the conditions of career behaviors.The research based on SCCT tends to differentiate"decision-making efficacy"from"efficacy in specific subjects"and further explores the choice process of students in combination with theories of personality,providing a solid basis for developing students’competencies in academic choice making.The application of social cognitive career theory to the guidance work of high school students in our country is of great value,but it has the defect of conceptualizing"interest"as being static,ignoring the development nature of students’academic interest.In the future,Chinese researchers who are interested in SCCT should adopt more qualitative approaches to analyze the student development process and characteristics more deeply and dynamically,which would contribute to revealing the practical crux of academic choice guidance.