医学媒介生物蜱虫与病毒性传染病概述

Overview of Medical Vector Tick Organisms and Viral Infectious Diseases

蜱虫为专性吸血的体外寄生虫,携带的已知病毒达83种,分属于5个病毒目、18个病毒科。常见的蜱传病毒主要涉及9个病毒科,分别是黄病毒科、正粘病毒科、呼肠孤病毒科、弹状病毒科、非洲猪瘟病毒科、内罗毕病毒科、周布尼亚病毒科、白纤病毒科和尼亚玛尼病毒科。近年来,蜱传传染病在世界多个地区散发流行,新型蜱传病毒不断被发现,ICTV于2019年更新了病毒分类标准。本文对国内外几十种常见蜱传病毒分类及其传播媒介和分布地区进行了综述。

Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites,and there are 83 known viruses carried by ticks,which are divided into 5 orders and 18 families.Tick-borne viruses are commonly found in 9 families,including flaviviridae,orthomyxoviride,reoviridae,rhabdoviridae,asfarviridae,nairoviridae,peribunyaviridae,phenuiviridae,and nyamiviridae.In recent years,tick-borne infectious diseases have spread in many parts of the world.On an ongoing basis,new tick-borne viruses have been found.In 2019,ICTV updated the classification standard of the virus.In this paper,the classification of tick-borne viruses,transmission vectors and distribution areas was reviewed.