某市液态奶中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐污染来源分析

Source analysis of chlorate and perchlorate pollution in liquid milk in a city

目的了解某市液态奶中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐的污染来源和水平,探寻液态奶中氯酸盐与高氯酸盐污染的关键环节。方法选择2家乳品企业,采集包括饲草料、奶牛饮用水和生产用水等环境样本,乳头奶、巴氏杀菌后乳和灌装后成品乳等生产过程样本,以及消毒产品等11类共145份样本。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)检测样本中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量,并对检测数据进行统计分析。结果氯酸盐的总体检出率为19.31%(28/145),检测值在ND(小于检出限)~307.07μg/kg之间,检出率较高的是奶牛乳头药浴液、清洗用水和配料水,其中乳头药浴液中氯酸盐平均含量最高,为118.10μg/kg;高氯酸盐的总体检出率为95.17%(138/145),检测值在ND(小于检出限)~270.80μg/kg之间,除配料水外,其余的样本均检出了高氯酸盐,样本中高氯酸盐的检出率大于75.00%,其中,挤奶前用的乳头奶、净化前原乳、净化后原乳、巴氏杀菌后乳及灌装后成品乳中的高氯酸盐检出率高达100.00%,饲草料中高氯酸盐平均含量最高,为58.37μg/kg。结论液态奶中氯酸盐可能主要由加工过程中的消毒和清洗等环节带入,饲草料可能是液态奶中高氯酸盐污染的一个主要来源,建议加强对相关环节的监管,有效控制氯酸盐和高氯酸盐的污染来源。

Objective To understand the sources and levels of chlorate and perchlorate pollution in liquid milk in a city,and explore the key links of chlorate and perchlorate pollution in liquid milk.Methods Two dairy companies were selected to collect 145 samples of 11 categories,including environmental samples such as forage,drinking water for dairy cows,production water,production process samples such as nipple milk,pasteurized milk and finished milk after filling,and disinfection products.The content of chlorate and perchlorate in the samples were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS),and the data were analyzed statistically.Results The overall detection rate of chlorate was 19.31%(28/145),and the detection value was ND(not detected)-307.07μg/kg,the samples with high detection rates were medicinal bath,cleaning water and ingredients water,the average content of chlorate in medicinal bath was the highest,which was 118.10μg/kg,the overall detection rate of perchlorate was 95.17%(138/145),and the detection value was ND(not detected)-270.80μg/kg,except for the ingredients water,perchlorate was detected in the other samples,and the detection rates of perchlorate in the samples were above 75.00%,the detection rates of perchlorate in pre-medicine bath solution,ingredients water,nipple milk,raw milk before purification,purified raw milk,pasteurized milk and finished milk after filling were as high as 100.00%,the average content of perchlorate in forage feed was the highest,which was 58.37μg/kg.Conclusion Chlorate in liquid milk may be mainly brought in by disinfection and cleaning in the processing process,and forage may be one of the main sources of perchlorate pollution in liquid milk,it is suggested to strengthen the supervision of relevant links and effectively control the pollution sources of chlorate and perchlorate.