日本无条件投降述论

Japan’s Unconditional Surrender

关于日本无条件投降问题,是否保留天皇制并不是判断日本无条件投降或有条件投降的要件,而《波茨坦宣言》才是判断日本是否无条件投降的可依据的最基本文件。该文件条理清晰,内容明确,不容后人发挥或联想。该文件没有关于天皇制存废的直接规定,只是提出要"依据日本人民自由表示之意志成立一倾向和平及负责之政府"。所以,日本投降后"依据日本人民自由表示之意志"建立了不同于近代天皇制的现代天皇制,这种符合《波茨坦宣言》精神的政治改革与日本无条件投降没有矛盾。历史事实是,日本投降前夕的国内外形势已决定日本若不想民族灭亡,除无条件投降外,没有其他道路可以选择。让日本无条件投降是同盟国为之奋战多年的唯一目标,无论罗斯福或杜鲁门,在这一点上并无变化。《波茨坦宣言》全文表达的意思就是日本必须无条件投降,即无条件地按照《波茨坦宣言》规定的条件投降。日本军国主义统治集团最终在日本天皇的干预下,不讲条件地、原封不动地接受了《波茨坦宣言》,日本无条件投降从而成为毋庸置疑的历史事实。

On the issue of Japan’s unconditional surrender,the article argues that whether to retain the imperial system or not is not the key to judge Japan’s unconditional surrender or conditional surrender,and the Potsdam Declaration is the most basic document to judge Japan’s unconditional surrender or not.The document is clear and unambiguous,allowing no further development or association.The document makes no direct provision on the existence or abolition of the imperial system,but calls for the"formation of a peaceful and responsible government in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people".Therefore,after Japan’s surrender,"according to the freely expressed will of the Japanese people",the modern emperor system was established,which was different from the traditional emperor system.That political reform in line with the spirit of the Potsdam Declaration had no contradiction with Japan’s unconditional surrender.The historical fact is that the situation at home and abroad on the eve of Japan’s surrender has determined that Japan has no other choice but to surrender unconditionally if it does not want its nation to perish.The unconditional surrender of Japan was the only goal that the Allies had fought for for years,whether Roosevelt or Truman,and that had not changed.The full text of the Potsdam Declaration means that Japan must unconditionally surrender,that is,unconditionally surrender in accordance with the conditions stipulated in the Potsdam Declaration.Finally,under the intervention of the Emperor of Japan,the Japanese militarist ruling group accepted the Potsdam Declaration without any conditions,and Japan’s unconditional surrender has become an indisputable historical fact.