中国显微外科史考证:艰难起步(1960-1973)

Literature research on the history of microsurgery in China: A difficult start (1960-1973)

目的以文献为准、以时间为序,梳理中国显微外科1960-1973年这个阶段的历史。方法检索收集公开及内部出版中、英文科技期刊、学术专著等,精读分析中、英文"显微外科"及"显微外科相关"文献,重点记录确认手术、交流、报道时间等。结果中国显微外科起步,得益于1963年初上海市第六人民医院世界首例断肢再植成功报道;此后3年,多个单位开展显微血管技术实验研究、探索断指再植,于1964年世界首例断腿再植,于1966年世界首例足趾移植再造拇指、世界首批完全离断手指显微血管缝合再植成功;1972年广州全国断肢再植经验交流会,完全断指260例,再植存活率44.9%;首次使用"显微外科"术语;1973年3月,完成世界第2例腹股沟皮瓣游离移植;1973年5月,北美再植代表团访华,开启中、外显微外科学术交流先河。近十年临床实践、原创性、先进的中国断肢(指)再植技术与原则被国际同行认可。结论中国显微外科史考证:艰难起步(1960-1973)——中国显微外科发展基本与世界同步。

Objective To sort out the history of microsurgery in China from 1960 to 1973 based on the literatures in chronological order.Methods Chinese and English scientific journals and academic monographs published in public and in house were searched,and the words"microsurgery"and"microsurgery related"literatures in both Chinese and English were carefully read and analysed.The dates of operation,communication and report were recorded and confirmed.Results Microsurgery in China started in early 1963,thanks to the report of the world's first successful severed limb replantation in Shanghai Sixth Hospital.In the following 3 years,many teams carried out experimental researches on microvascular technology and explored the replantation of severed fingers.In 1964,the world's first severed leg replantation.In 1966,the world's first toe transfer was operated to reconstruct the thumb,and the world's first batch of completely severed fingers were successfully replanted by microvascular suture.In 1972,it was reported,at the Guangzhou Conference on Replantation of Severed Limbs,that a 44.9%of survival rate had been achieved over 260 cases and the term"microsurgery"was used for the first time in the conference.In March,1973,the second free inguinal flap transfer in the world was completed.In May,1973,an American Replantation Mission visited China.It opened a precedent for academic exchange in microsurgery between China and foreign countries.With 10 years of clinical practices,the original and advanced Chinese limb(finger)replantation technology and principle had been recognised by the international peers.Conclusion The research on the history of Chinese microsurgery has confirmed that the development of Chinese microsurgery was basically synchronised with the world,but with a difficult start in 1960-1973.