医防融合视域下基层公共卫生人才队伍的建设与发展

Construction and Development of Grass-roots Public Health Talents From The Perspective of Medical Prevention Integration

目的:基于2020年开展的基层医防融合专题调查研究,探讨基层公共卫生人才队伍的建设与发展,以期助力提升基层医疗卫生服务能力,保障居民健康。方法:采用多阶段分层抽样,选取四川、江西、江苏、贵州、广东五个省为样本省展开问卷调查,共收回152份有效机构问卷,6439份有效人员问卷。采用Excel对录入的数据进行初步整理,利用SPSS20.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:61.2%的被调研基层医疗卫生机构没有预防医学专业背景的公共卫生人才;基层医疗卫生人员中公共卫生执业(助理)医师占比仅2.3%;被调研基层医疗卫生人员认为医防融合面临的主要问题主要有公共卫生服务人员临床知识不足(53.2%);临床医生缺乏公共卫生知识和技能(48.9%);医防融合的工作与激励机制有待完善(38.9%);收入分配制度有待完善(36.1%)。结论:建议加强顶层设计与法治保障;培养具有"预防医学+"专业背景的公共卫生人才;以胜任力为导向开展基层医防融合服务能力的专题培训;探索疾病预防控制中心人员参与基层医防融合工作的服务模式;合理提高薪酬,探索制定新时期基层医防融合绩效考核分配方案;强化基于大数据驱动的基层公共卫生专业人才健康信息守门人功能等,助力新时期医防融合视域下基层公共卫生人才队伍的建设与发展。

Objective:Based on the special investigation and research on grass-roots medical and prevention integration in 2020,this paper discusses the construction and development of grass-roots public health talent team,in order to help improve grass-roots medical and health service capacity and ensure residents’health.Methods:using multi-stage stratified sampling,five provinces of Sichuan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu,Guizhou and Guangdong were selected as sample provinces to carry out a questionnaire survey.A total of 152 valid institutional questionnaires and 6439 valid personnel questionnaires were collected.The input data are preliminarily sorted out by Excel,and the data are statistically analyzed by spss20.0 statistical software.Results:61.2%of the investigated primary medical and health institutions had no public health talents with preventive medicine professional background;Among the primary medical and health personnel,the proportion of public health practitioners(Assistant)doctors is only 2.3%;According to the investigation of grass-roots medical and health personnel,the main problems faced by medical and prevention integration are also the lack of clinical knowledge of public health service personnel(53.2%);Clinicians lack public health knowledge and skills(48.9%);The work and incentive mechanism of medical prevention integration need to be improved(38.9%);The income distribution system needs to be improved(36.1%).Conclusion:it is suggested to strengthen the top-level design and the guarantee of the rule of law;Train public health talents with"preventive medicine+"professional background;Carry out special training on the service ability of grass-roots medical prevention integration guided by competency;To explore the service mode of CDC personnel participating in grass-roots medical and prevention integration;Improve the salary reasonably,explore and formulate the performance evaluation and distribution plan of grass-roots medical prevention integration in the new period;Strengthen the health information gatekeeper function of grass-roots public health professionals driven by big data,and help the construction and development of grass-roots public health talent team from the perspective of medical prevention integration in the new era.