美国城市轨道交通安全监管探讨与启示

Discussion and revelations of the safety oversight of urban rail transit in the United States

文章通过介绍美国的城市轨道交通安全监管体系,包括安全监管立法的主要内容以及相应的技术法规,分析得出美国城市轨道交通的安全监管立法是以采用基于风险分析原则和方法建立的安全管理系统为基础和途径的。开展城市轨道交通安全专门立法,建立法律上独立的安全监管机构,采用风险管理的原则和方法制定政策法规和开展安全合规判定等,是美国城市轨道交通安全监管立法极具价值的启示。

This paper introduces the urban rail transit safety oversight system in the United States,including the main contents of safety lawmaking and corresponding technical regulations.Analysis shows that the safety supervision legislation of urban rail transit in the United States is based on a safety management system established based on the principles and methods of risk analysis.This article holds that the special legislation of urban rail transit safety,the establishment of legal independent safety oversight agencies,the adoption of risk management principles and methods to formulate policies and regulations,and the carrying out of safety compliance determination are valuable revelations of the urban rail transit safety legislation in the United States.