行政审批制度改革对创业行为的影响——基于中国微观数据的经验

Administrative Approval Reform and Entrepreneurial Behavior:Based on China’s Micro-Data Experience

将制度性交易成本纳入传统的创业选择理论模型,厘清“行政审批改革—制度性交易成本降低—创业活动增加”的理论逻辑,并基于CGSS 2008微观数据,实证研究了行政审批改革对个人创业活动的影响。结果表明:行政审批改革能够带动创业意愿平均上升3.8个百分点。区分创业主体时,低个人收入组、低家庭收入组和低社会网络组等高制度成本群体的创业倾向显著提高;区分创业类型时,行政审批改革同时提升了机会型创业和生存型创业的意愿,但对前者促进作用更大;区分创业行业时,低端服务业创业显著增加。机制检验显示,集聚水平提升有助于行政审批改革创业促进效应的释放,且制度成本较高的城市推行行政审批改革的作用效果更为明显。

By introducing the institutional transaction costs into traditional entrepreneurial choice model,this paper figures out the theoretical logic of“the Administrative Approval Reform(AAR)—the decrease of institutional transaction costs—the increase of entrepreneurial activities(EA)”.By using micro data CGSS 2008,we have systematically evaluated the impact of the AAR on EA.The results demonstrate that,First,the AAR can significantly boost EA by 3.8 percentage points on average.Second,when considering the heterogeneity of entrepreneurs,those who have lower personal income,lower family income or weaker social networks are significantly promoted to engage in EA.As for the distinction over business types,the AAR promotes necessity-push entrepreneurship more than opportunity-pull entrepreneurship.When considering the heterogeneity of business sector,entrepreneurship in the low-end service are increased significantly.The mechanism test shows that the improvement of agglomeration level is conducive to the release of the promotion effect of AAR,and the effect of AAR is more obvious in the cities with high institutional cost.