伊斯兰主义探源

On Islamism:The Concept and Ideology

"伊斯兰主义"是17世纪末法国人发明的词汇,原指伊斯兰教,20世纪初被弃用。20世纪70年代,伊斯兰主义被重新赋值后再度流行,成为一个政治术语,指称一种政治意识形态。伊斯兰主义政治意识形态是以伊斯兰教为旗号和工具的政治思想及实践,其要旨在于夺取国家政权和社会控制权。它的核心主张是:以伊斯兰的名义,反对"非伊斯兰"的人和物,要求建立所谓"伊斯兰国家"和"伊斯兰秩序",推进社会政治生活的"全面伊斯兰化"。这三者分别是它的世界观、政治目标和方法论。伊斯兰主义的政治影响力归根结底依赖于它有多少信奉者和实践者。伊斯兰主义者与普通穆斯林的不同在于,他们把伊斯兰主义混同于伊斯兰教,通过直接或隐秘的方法谋求国家权力或社会权威。

The word"Islamism"was first invented by the French at the end of the seventeenth century.Originally referring to the religion of Islam,the concept was abandoned in the early twentieth century.In the 1970 s,however,"Islamism"gained currency again due to the Islamic Revolution in Iran and became a political ideology endowed with new connotations.The defining characteristic of Islamism as a political ideology is to utilize Islamic religion to seize state power and social authority.According to Islamism,its followers must,in the name of Islam,oppose all the un-Islamic(jahiliyya),establish the so-called"Islamic state"and"Islamic order"(al-Nizam al-Islami),and comprehensively Islamize(re-Islamize)the social and political life.These three prepositions are respectively the worldview,political objective,and methodology of Islamism.Still,the political strength and influence of Islamism depends on how many believers and practitioners it attracts.The difference between Islamists and ordinary Muslims is that the former equates Islamism with Islam and seeks to seize state power or social authority in public or covert ways.