除文盲做新民:平民识字课本中的日常与政治(1922-1949)

Excluding Illiteracy and Becoming a New Citizen:Daily life and Politics in the Civil Literacy Books(1922-1949)

从书籍史和知识社会史的角度,考察了1922年至1949年间平民识字课本的整体出版图景及发展脉络,探讨了那一时期的识字课本是如何通过其有效的编辑活动,实现其基本的教人识字的功能。与此同时,编辑者如何把他们认定的人生必需的日常性知识,贯穿到课文的内容组织中来,在"除文盲"的过程中,实现"做新民"的政治目标。而"新民"的内涵指涉,在不同的体制时空下,又有着怎样不尽相同的政治面貌。

From the perspective of book history and knowledge society history,this article examined the overall publishing picture and development context of civilian literacy textbooks from 1922 to 1949,and explored how the literacy textbooks of that period realized their basic function of teachi ng literacy through effective editi ng activities.At the same time,how did editors in teg rate the daily kno wledge that they believe is necessary for life into the con tent organization of the text,and achieve the political goal of“becoming a new citizen”in the process of“excluding illiteracy”.The connotation of"new citizen"referred to different political outlooks under different systems,time and space.