间充质干细胞来源的外泌体对肺损伤的治疗作用及其潜在机制

Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on lung injury and its mechanism

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)是再生医学领域中应用最广泛的干细胞[1]。MSC具有抗炎、免疫调节、损伤修复、促血管新生及抗纤维化等生物学特性。目前MSC在肺损伤疾病中的治疗研究越来越多,实验数据表明MSC能够明显降低肺部炎症反应,减少肺组织损伤[2]。越来越多的研究表明MSC发挥治疗作用的主要机制是旁分泌作用,间充质干细胞来源的外泌体(mesenchymal stem cell-de-rived exosomes,MSC-EXOs)作为其主要的旁分泌组分,是其发挥生物学功效的关键。本文就MSC-EXOs的生物学特性及其对急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)和其他肺损伤疾病的治疗作用和潜在机制做一综述。

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-EXOs) are important messengers of intercellular communication,being involved in regulating many physiological and pathological processes,such as immune response,apoptosis,angiogenesis,and inflammatory response.This article reviews the therapeutic effect of MSC-EXOs in lung injury and underlying mechanism.MSC-EXOs alleviate acute lung injury through immune regulation,inhibition of apoptosis of alveolar epithelium and endothelial cells,improvement of alveolar fluid clearance rate,antibacterial effect and inhibition of pulmonary fibrosis.In addition,MSC-EXOs have therapeutic effects on other lung diseases such as pulmonary hypertension,bronchopulmonary dysplasia and allergic airway inflammation.At present,most researches on MSC-EXOs are in preclinical stage,and more clinical data are needed to verify its efficacy.With the deepening and comprehensive research,MSC-EXOs,as a stem cell-free treatment method,may become an effective alternative to stem cell therapy in the future.