生态系统理论视角下农村留守儿童成长困境与社工介入路径分析

Research on the Dilemma of Rural Left-behind Children's Development and the Intervention Path of Social Work from the Perspective of Ecosystem Theory

农村留守儿童是我国社会发展过程中伴随着城乡人口流动而产生的特殊群体,受主客观因素影响,其个人成长面临着诸多问题。本文从生态系统理论的视角切入,从微观、中观和宏观三个层面对农村留守儿童所面临的成长困境进行了分析,发现当前农村留守儿童主要面临的成长困境有:在微观系统上,心理问题严重,容易诱发偏差行为;在中观系统上,家庭结构不完整,学校支持不足以及在同辈交往上存在错误倾向;在宏观系统上,受到社会经济、政策与文化的制约,“污名化”问题凸显。面对这些困境,社会工作也要从微观、中观和宏观3个层面出发,采取多元面向的介入策略,助力农村留守儿童的健康成长。

Left-behind children is a special group in rural areas that arises from the migration of urban and rural populations in the process of social development in our country.Under the influence of subjective and objective factors,their personal growth is faced with many problems.This paper attempts to analyze the growth dilemma faced by rural left-behind children from the perspective of ecosystem theory,from the micro,meso and macro levels,and found that the main difficulties faced by rural left-behind children are:in the micro-system,psychological problems are serious,easy to induce deviant behavior;in the meso-system,the family structure is incomplete,the school support is insufficient and there is a wrong tendency in peer communication;in the macro-system,it is restricted by social economy,policy and culture,and the problem of“stigmatization”has become prominent.In the face of these difficulties,social work should also start from the micro,meso and macro levels,adopt a multi-oriented intervention strategy to help the healthy growth of rural left-behind children.