我国著作权法“表演者”概念之厘清——以法学方法论为视角

Clarification of the Concept of "Performer" in China’s Copyright Law——From the Perspective of Legal Methodology

现行《著作权法》关于表演者权的条文在"表演"上缺乏清晰界定,在"何谓表演者"上混同了表演者与表演者权享有者概念,立法的缺失为司法带来困惑和混乱。故而从"表演行为"、"表演客体"、"表演主体"三个层面递进式地推敲"表演者"概念,针对"表演行为"立法上的空白性、"表演客体"立法上的模糊性、"表演主体"立法上的扩张性,借助法学方法论,以法律解释及法律漏洞理论为视角,界定表演行为为表达以供外在感知的且应当具备最低程度的"创造性"的行为;厘清"文学艺术作品"表演客体;构建表演者权主体制度对表演主体理性回归,明确"表演者"概念,回应司法争辩,发挥我国著作权法中表演者权效用。

The existing provisions concerning performers’rights within the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China lack a clear definition of"performance"and confuse the concepts between performers and performers’rights holders.The lack of legislation has brought confusion and unnecessary obstacles to the judicial system.For the purpose of solving the problems,it is argued that the concept of"performer"should be considered progressively from three aspects of"performing act","performing object",and"performing subject".By replying on certain legal methodologies,including literal interpretation,objective interpretation,historical interpretation,holistic interpretation and legal loophole theory,the performance behavior is to be defined,the performance object is to be clarified,the performance subject is rationally returned,and the"performer"concept is to be clarified,so as to response to judicial arguments and better play the role of performer’s rights within the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China.