2742例住院死亡患者根本死因构成及变化趋势分析

Analysis of the Underlying Cause of Death and Its Changing Trend in 2742 Hospitalized Patients

目的探讨某院住院死亡患者根本死因构成及变化趋势特点,为制定针对性健康干预措施提供信息参考。方法对2014年1月1日-2019年12月31日6年间某院全院住院病案进行回顾性分析,所有住院患者共384986例,其中死亡患者2742例,分年度对死亡患者从性别、年龄、季节、根本死因进行统计分析。结果2742例住院死亡患者,各年度男性死亡人数均大于女性。60岁以上死亡患者占65.39%,70岁~80岁年龄组死亡构成比最高。在季节分布中死亡发生在冬季较多。前3位死因构成依次为恶性肿瘤(36.8%)、循环系统疾病(30.0%)、呼吸系统疾病(9.5%)。将前后3年前3位死因进行比较,恶性肿瘤病死率呈下降趋势,循环系统疾病呈上升趋势,呼吸系统病死率各年度变化较为平稳,无统计学差异。结论住院死亡患者具有性别、年龄及季节特征。导致死亡的首要原因从恶性肿瘤转为循环系统疾病。医院应根据患者死亡一般特征及根本死因构成、变化趋势特点,制定有针对性的干预措施,从而提高公众健康管理水平。

Objectives To study the changes in the underlying causes of death in inpatients so as to make the pointed intervention measures for public health.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of all inpatients in a hospital during 6 years from January 1st,2014 to December 31st,2019.A total of 384,986 inpatients were hospitalized,among which 2742 died.Statistical analysis was conducted on the deaths of patients by gender,age,season and underlying cause of death by year.Results There were 2742 inpatient deaths,and the number of male deaths in each year was greater than that of female.More than 60 years old accounted for 65.39% of the deaths,and the death proportion in the 70-80 age group was the highest.More deaths occurred in winter in the seasonal distribution.The top 3 causes of death were malignant tumor(36.8%),circulatory system disease(30.0%)and respiratory system disease(9.5%).By comparing the three causes of death before and after 3 years,the mortality rate of malignant tumors showed a downward trend,while that of circulatory system diseases showed an upward trend.The mortality rate of respiratory system showed a stable change from year to year,with no statistical difference.Conclusions The dead inpatients had characteristic distributions in gender,age and season.The leading cause of death might transit form malignancies to circulatory disease.The hospital should make targeted intervention measures according to the above characteristics so as to improve the level of public health management.