基于词语法的汉语论元结构阐释

A Word Grammar Approach to Chinese Argument Structure

词语法是依托依存语法和认知语法构建的语法理论体系,词语法理论的核心内容包括通过网络构建、节点创设和缺省继承形成词的语义网络,通过价位、依存和标界形成词与词间的句法关联。本研究在词语法的架构内分析汉语两类特殊论元结构,一是汉语非标准语序论元结构,二是汉语非标准题元结构。汉语允准非标准语序论元结构的前提是词与词之间不存在依存缠绕;汉语允准非标准题元结构主要因为汉语允准多元缺省继承,词与词之间的语义关联得以建立。生成语法和词语法对汉语特殊论元结构的分析各有优势,且都体现了各自理论的本质特征。

Word grammar is a theoretical framework of grammar based on dependency grammar and cognitive grammar and its core lies in both the semantic network established through net production,node creation and default inheritance and syntactic relation established through valency,dependency as well as landmark.The present study analyzed the two special argument structures in Chinese,separately nonstandard order and nonstandard theme structures by taking the word grammar approach.Suppose that the tangled dependency does not exist,nonstandard order structure can be allowed.Nonstandard theme structure is allowed because the semantic relation can be established through multiple inheritance.The analyses given to the concerning structures by generative grammar and word grammar have their own advantages and reflect their individual theoretical essences.