“被××”反讽句的跨文化阐释及英译

The Crosscultural Explanation and Translation of Ironical Chinese Beipassives

本文从反讽认知的角度考察了“被××”反讽结构的语义特征,比较了汉英两种语言中有标记被动句的异同。我们发现,“主语作为受事直接受损害”是原型汉语被动句的语义特征。英汉被动句的差异在于人们对施事与主语之间产生影响程度的容忍度不同。表“受益”义的被动句在英汉两种语言中都是有标记的;无所谓“受损”和“受益”的被动句,在英语中是无标记的,在汉语中却是有标记的。基于此差异,本研究根据Chakhachiro的反讽翻译模式,通过语料分析,提出了“被××”反讽句在不同语义类型下的英译策略。

The paper examines the semantic features of ironical Chinese beipassives from the perspective of irony identification.In addition,it compares the semantic features of marked passives between Chinese and English.It is found that the semantic property of prototypical Chinese beipassives is that the subject is acted upon in an adverse way.The difference between Chinese beipassives and English passives lies in people\s“tolerance”toward evaluative meaning of“being neutral”and degrees of“indirectness”in terms of the correlation between the causer and the affected entity.Passives with the subject being positively affected are marked both in Chinese and English.However,passives with the subject being neither negatively nor positively affected are unmarked in English and marked in Chinese.Based on the findings of the comparison and the data analysis,several strategies of translating Chinese ironical beipassives into English are suggested corresponding to different semantic categories with Chakhachiro\s irony translation model as an application tool.