多重制度脱嵌与新生代农民工的城市化困境——以新生代大龄单身男工为例

Multi-institutional Dis-embedding and the Urbanization Dilemma of the New Generation of Migrant Workers:A Case Study of New Generation of Older Single Male Migrant Workers

新生代大龄单身男工正逐渐陷入既脱离乡土、又无法融入城市并沉向城乡之间的城市化困境。造成这一困境的机制,是在城乡二元结构和婚姻市场挤压下随生命史展开的多重制度脱嵌:在打工生涯早期,新生代农民工已有远离乡土社会的趋势;随着结婚成家困难的出现和延长,大龄单身男工逐渐脱离家庭与亲属关系;在后续长期的单身生活中,他们逐步滑入临时性劳工市场并沦为城乡间的新困境群体。近年来新生代农民工离婚等家庭脆弱现象的涌现,让一部分新生代农民工再次脱嵌,汇入与大龄单身男工类似的城市化困境。这已成为一个重要的社会治理议题,需要进行多重制度化干预才能避免城乡间新困境群体的形成和壮大。

Based on the urban and rural multi-sited tracking ethnography of migrant workers’source and destination,this article finds that the new generation of older single male migrant workers are gradually falling into the urbanization dilemma of being separated from the countryside and unable to integrate into the city and therefore sink between the urban and rural areas.The mechanism that causes this dilemma is the multi-institutional dis-embedding that unfolds with the development of life under the divided rural-urban structure and the squeeze of the marriage market.In the early period of their working life,the new generation of migrant workers have a tendency to stay away from the rural society;with the emergence and prolongation of difficulties in getting married and starting a family,older single male workers gradually break away from family and relatives;in the subsequent long-term single life,they gradually slip into the temporary labor market,forming a new dilemma group stuck between the urban and rural areas.This article also finds that the emergence of family fragility such as divorce of the new generation of migrant workers in recent years has caused part of them to dis-embed again and enter the urbanization dilemma similar to that of older single male workers.The article shows that the urbanization dilemma of the new generation of migrant workers has become an important social governance issue,and multi-institutional interventions,especially the stabilization of family structure,are needed to avoid the formation and growth of the new dilemma groups stuck between the urban and rural areas.