我国古树资源的生存现状评估及威胁因素分析

Evaluating the growth status and threatened factors for old trees in China

古树是生态系统的组成部分,具有重要的生态功能和丰富的遗传多样性。为加强古树的科学保护和管理,本文分析了我国古树资源的分布、生存和保护现状以及受威胁因素。结果表明:我国古树共记录1066万株,其中内蒙古自治区和云南省均超过100万株。分析全国102个县级地区的44万株古树的生长现状,发现有94.3%的古树生长良好,5.5%生长衰弱或濒危,0.2%已经死亡。古树受威胁因素主要有高温、干旱、火灾等自然灾害,以及城市化和土地利用、病虫害和乱砍偷盗等。病虫害的威胁最严重,有83个地区(81.4%)受病虫害威胁严重;其次是自然灾害的威胁,有68个地区(66.7%)发生过自然灾害。大部分古树(89%)分布在农村等偏远地区,缺乏有效的保护措施。可以利用无人机等新技术监测古树生长状态,加强病虫害防治和规避自然灾害,并建立古树资源数据库实现信息及时更新共享,避免偷盗砍伐。

Old trees are critical components of ecosystems,with important ecological function and high genetic diversity.To strengthen the protection and management of old trees,we analyzed the distribution,survival and protection status of old trees and their threatened factors in China.The results showed there were a total of 10.66 million old trees in China.The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province had more than one million trees,respectively.For 440000 old trees in 102 counties,94.3%grew normally,5.5%in a weak or endangered status,and 0.2%had been dead.The main factors threatened to old trees included natural disasters(e.g.,elevated temperature,drought,fire),urbanization,land use,pests and diseases,and cutting and stealing.Among those factors,damage from pests and diseases was the most serious,which was found in 83 counties(81.4%).The second important threatened factor was natural disasters,which occurred in 68 regions(66.7%).In addition,most of the old trees(around 89%)grew in remote countryside,lacking of enough protection.Modern technologies should be used to protect old trees,such as using unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor the growth status of old trees,strengthening pest and disease control,and avoiding natural disasters.Establishing a database of old tree resources is important to update and share information timely to avoid stealing and felling old trees.