数据治理的国际经验及对我国完善征信数据跨境管理的启示

International Experience of Data Governance and Enlightenments on Improving the Regulation on the Cross-border Flow of Credit Reporting Data in China

2021年8月20日,《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》由第十三届全国人大常委会第三十次会议正式通过,翻开了我国个人信息立法保护的新篇章,也是全球数据治理发展的重大里程碑。随着经济全球化进程的持续推进,各类生产要素在全球范围内自由流动,数据安全治理已成为事关国家安全、经济社会发展、信息主体权益的重大问题。在开放发展的时代背景下,外资征信机构陆续进入我国展业,征信数据跨境流动的需求日益增长,而我国数据跨境流动管理体系有待进一步完善,应加强征信数据跨境流动监管,以规范征信数据传输行为。通过梳理欧美等主要国家和地区数据治理模式,分析我国数据跨境流动的相关规定和发展现状,在此基础上,从完善数据保护相关法律制度、制定征信数据跨境安全评估方案、强化对数据跨境传输的监管、分步稳妥推进征信数据跨境流动、积极参与数据跨境流动的国际交流与合作等方面提出政策建议。

On August 20,2021,the“Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”was formally passed,which opens a new chapter in personal information protection in China and is also a major milestone in the development of global data governance.With the continuous progress of global economic integration,various production factors are flowing freely all over the world.Data security governance has become a major issue concerning national security,economic and social development,and the rights and interests of information subjects.Under the background of opening-up era,foreign credit reporting agencies have been allowed to enter the credit market in China,and the demand for cross-border flow of credit reporting data is increasing day by day.However,China has not established a comprehensive regulation system about data cross-border flow.We should strengthen the supervision on cross-border flow of credit reporting data,so as to standardize the transmission behavior and prevent the risk of illegal data transmission.This paper summarizes the data governance of major countries and regions such as Europe and the United States,and analyzes the regulations and development of cross-border data flow in China.On this basis,several policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of improving the legal system related to data protection,formulating the security assessment scheme for credit reporting data cross-border flow,strengthening the supervision of cross-border data transmission,implementing cross-border data flow step-by-step,and actively participating in international cooperation on cross-border data flow.