牡蛎壳资源利用研究进展

Progress of the Utilization of Oyster Shell Resource

综述了牡蛎壳的组成、性质及其在食品、医药、轻工业、农业等领域的应用。在组成方面,牡蛎壳是由矿物质、蛋白质和多糖等有机质大分子共同组成的、高度有序的多重微层结构,基本结构分为外层、中层和内层3层。在性质方面,牡蛎壳在高温条件下煅烧后能形成复杂的多孔结构,不仅具有较强的吸附性能、离子交换功能,还有“保肥、净水、缓释”等作用,具有较强的分散、吸附、交换等能力。在食品领域,牡蛎壳的利用主要有肉类加工、果蔬和豆制品加工、其他食品生产。在医药领域,牡蛎壳在中医药和西医药领域都有应用。在轻工业领域,牡蛎壳主要在污水净化和建筑材料行业有利用。在农业领域,牡蛎壳的主要利用是作为土壤调理剂、肥料缓释剂和畜禽饲料剂。

The composition and properties of oyster shells and their applications in food,medicine,agriculture and other fields were reviewed.In terms of composition,oyster shell was a highly ordered multi-layer structure composed of organic macromolecules such as minerals,proteins and polysaccharides.The basic structure was divided into outer layer,middle layer and inner layer.As for the properties,oyster shell could form complex porous structure after calcination at high temperature.It not only had strong adsorption performance and ion exchange function,but also had the functions of"fertilizer retention,water purification and slow-releasing",and had strong dispersion,adsorption and exchange capabilities.In the field of food,the application of oyster shell mainly includes meat processing,fruit,vegetable and bean products processing,and other food production.In the field of medicine,oyster shells were used in both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine.In light industry,oyster shells were mainly used in sewage purification and building materials industries.In the field of agriculture,oyster shell was mainly used as soil conditioner,fertilizer slow-releasing agent and livestock feeding agent.